These papers are held in Postscript (.ps) and Portable Document Format (.pdf).
Project Final Reports
The final reports for DARPA/AFRL funded O-Plan projects are:
Tate, A., Drabble. B. and Kirby, R. Spacecraft Command &
Control Using AI Planning Techniques - The O-Plan2 Project, O-Plan
Final Technical Report RL-TR-92-217 August 1992 -
[4.3MB PDF Format]
Tate, A., Drabble. B. and Dalton, J.,
An Engineers Approach to the Application of Knowledge Based
Planning and Scheduling Techniques to Logistics -
O-Plan Final Technical Report RL-TR-95-235 December 1995 -
[20.4MB PDF Format]
Tate, A., Dalton. J. and Levine, J. Multi-Perspective Planning -
Using Domain Constraints to Support the Coordinated Development of
Plans, O-Plan Final Technical Report AFRL-IF-RS-TR-1999-60 April 1999 -
[13.1MB PDF Format]
1990 and Before
Functions in Context Data Base - Austin Tate, Second Workshop on
Architectures for Large Knowledge Bases, sponsored by the UK Alvey
Directorate; 9th July 1984. Also AIAI-TR-1.
[ 733K pdf file]
Planning and Condition Monitoring in an FMS - Austin Tate,
International Conf on the Development of Flexible Automation Systems,
Inst.of Electrical Engineers, London; 10th July 1984. Also AIAI-TR-2.
[ 686K pdf file]
Goal Structure - Capturing the Intent of Plans - Austin Tate -
Sixth European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI-84), Pisa,
Italy; 5th September 1984. Also AIAI-TR-3.
Planning with Multiple Resource Constraints and an Application to
a Naval Planning problem - Austin Tate and Andrew M. Whiter - First
Conference on the Application of Artificial Intelligence, Denver,
Colorado, USA; 1st February 1984. Alsdo AIAI-TR-4.
Coordinating the Activities of a Planner and an Execution Agent -
Austin Tate - in the Proceedings of the Second NASA Conference on
Space Telerobotics, (eds. G.Rodriguez and H.Seraji), JPL Publication
89-7 Vol. 1 pp. 385-393, Jet Propulsion Laboratory,
February 1989 - [63K ps file,
42K pdf file]
O-Plan2: Choice Ordering Mechanisms in an AI Planning Architecture
- Austin Tate and Brian Drabble - in Innovative Approaches to Planning,
Scheduling and Control, November 1990, Morgan-Kaufmann -
[344K ps file,
200K pdf file]
AI Planning - Mark E. Drummmond and Austin Tate, Chapter in the textbook
"Knowledge Engineering", pp. 157-199, (ed. H.Adeli), McGraw Hill, 1990.
AI Planning: Systems and Techniques - James Hendler, Austin Tate
and Mark Drummond, AI Magazine Vol. 11 No. 2, pp. 61-77, Summer 1990.
[AAAI Press Download]
[87K pdf file]
[Figure 1 PNG]
AI Planning: Systems and Techniques - James Hendler, Austin Tate
and Mark Drummond, Japanese version in Nikkei Artificial Intelligence
(Extra Publication) Autumn 1990, pp. 108-125.
Mission Scheduling for Spacecraft: The Diaries of T-Sched - Brian Drabble
Proceedings of Expert Planning Systems, 1990. pp. 76-81, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Conference Publication Number 322. Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 27-29th Jun 1990.
[418K pdf file]
[Cover 76K pdf file]
Using Domain Knowledge to Restrict Search in an AI Planner - Ken Currie and Austin Tate - Proceedings of Expert Planning Systems, 1990. pp. 186-190, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Conference Publication Number 322. Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 27-29th Jun 1990.
[457K pdf file]
[Cover 76K pdf file]
Interacting With An Intelligent Planning System Using English Sentences -
B. Crabtree, R.S. Crouch, D.C. Moffat, N. Pirie, S.Pulman, C.D. Ritchie, A. Tate, Proceedings of Expert Planning Systems, 1990. pp. 169-174, Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE) Conference Publication Number 322. Metropole Hotel, Brighton, UK, 27-29th Jun 1990.
[577K pdf file]
[Cover 76K pdf file]
Associating A.I. Planner Entities with an underlying Time Point Network -
Brian Drabble and Richard Kirby, in the proceedings of the First European
Workshop on Planning, Sankt Augustin, Germany, March 1991 -
[167K ps file,
195K pdf file]
1992
O-Plan2: Interfaces and Modularity - Austin Tate - in the
proceedings of the Round Table on Planning and Scheduling, ESTEC,
European Space Agency, Noordwijk, The Netherlands, April 1992 -
[563K ps file,
320K pdf file]
Tate, A., Drabble. B. and Kirby, R. Spacecraft Command &
Control Using AI Planning Techniques - The O-Plan2 Project, O-Plan
Final Technical Report RL-TR-92-217 August 1992 - [4.3MB pdf file]
1993
Authority Management - Coordination between Task Assignment, Planning
and Execution - Austin Tate - in papers of the IJCAI-93 Workshop
on Knowledge-based Production Planning, Scheduling and Control,
Chamberey, France, August 1993 -
[154K ps file,
180K pdf file]
Putting Knowledge-Rich Plan Representations to Use - Austin
Tate - in the papers of the 14th Machine Intelligence Workshop, Tokyo, Japan,
November 1993 -
[169K ps file,
195K pdf file]
[Published as Tate, A. (1995) Putting Knowledge Rich Plan
Representations to Use, Machine Intelligence 14 - Applied Machine
Intelligence, (eds. Furukawa, K., Michie, D. and Muggleton, S.),
pp. 89-110, Oxford University Press.]
The Emergence of "Standard" Planning and Scheduling System Components -
Open Planning and Scheduling Architectures - Austin Tate - invited paper to
the Second European Workshop on Planning, Vadstena, Sweden, December 1993.
Published in ``Current Trends in AI Planning'', IOS Press -
[331K ps file,
350K pdf file]
The PRECiS Environment'' by Glen A. Reece, Austin Tate, David I.
Brown, Mark Hoffman and Rebecca E. Burnard - in the proceedings of the
National Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-93) ARPA-RL Planning
Initiative Workshop, Washington, DC, 1993 -
[259K ps file,
90K pdf file]
1994
Comparisons and Evaluations of Planners - Signposts for the AAAI-94
Workshop - Austin Tate - in the notes of the AAAI-94
workshop on the Evaluation of planning systems -
[55K ps file,
65K pdf file]
The Use of Condition Types to Restrict Search in an AI Planner -
Austin Tate, Brian Drabble and Jeff Dalton - in
proceedings of Twelfth National Conference on AI (AAAI-94),
Seattle, July 1994 -
[122K ps file,
165K pdf file]
The Use of Optimistic and Pessimistic Resource Profiles to Inform
Search in an Activity Based Planner - Brian Drabble and Austin Tate - Poster
Paper in the
Proceedings of the Second International Conference on
Planning Systems (AIPS-94), Chicago, June 1994, AAAI Press -
[642K ps file,
275K pdf file]
Synthesizing Protection Monitors from Causal Structure - Glen
Reece and Austin Tate - in the Proceedings of the Second International
Conference on Planning Systems (AIPS-94), Chicago, June 1994, AAAI Press -
[118K ps file,
135K pdf file]
Reasoning with Constraints within O-Plan2 - Austin Tate, Brian Drabble
and Jeff Dalton - in the proceedings of ARPI Workshop,
Tucson Arizona, 22nd - 24th February, 1994, Morgan Kaufmann -
[245K ps file,
225K pdf file]
O-Plan2: Tucson Demonstration - Brian Drabble, Austin Tate and
Jeff Dalton - in the proceedings of ARPI Workshop, Tucson Arizona,
22nd - 24th February, 1994, Morgan Kaufmann -
[148K ps file,
120K pdf file]
Domain-Specific Criteria to Direct and Evaluate Planning Systems -
Yolanda Gil (USC/ISI), Mark Hoffman (ISX) and Austin Tate - in the proceedings
of ARPI Workshop, Tucson Arizona, 22nd - 24th February, 1994, Morgan Kaufmann
-
[517K ps file,
265K pdf file]
Mixed Initiative Planning in O-Plan2 - Austin Tate - in the
proceedings of ARPI Workshop, Tucson Arizona, 22nd - 24th
February, 1994, Morgan Kaufmann -
[147K ps file,
155K pdf file]
Knowledge Based Project Planning - Brian Drabble - in AIRING No
18, May 1994 -
[186K ps file,
165K pdf file]
The O-Plan Constraint Associator - Jeff Dalton, Brian Drabble and
Austin Tate - in the proceedings of the 13th UK Planning and Scheduling
SIG, Strathclyde University, 14th-15th September 1994 -
[275K ps file,
250K pdf file]
Putting Knowledge-Rich Process Representations to Use - Austin
Tate - in the Journal of the IOPT Club for the Introduction of Process
Technology, Vol. 2 No. 3 pp 12-14, March 1994, UK Introduction of
Process Technology, (IOPT) Club, c/o Praxis Ltd, UK -
[79K ps file,
110K pdf file]
O-Plan2: An Architecture for Command, Planning and Control -
Austin Tate, Brian Drabble and Richard Kirby - in Intelligent
Scheduling, Edited by Mark Fox and Monte Zweben, Morgan
Kaufmann, 1994 -
[881K ps file,
50K pdf file]
A Plan Ontology - a Working Document - October 31, 1994 - Austin
Tate - in the proceedings of the Workshop on Ontology Development and
Use, 2nd - 4th November 1994, La Jolle, CA. -
[294K ps file,
155K pdf file]
Key Concepts in the O-Plan2 Knowledge Based Plan Representation -
Austin Tate - in the proceedings of the 13th UK Planning and
Scheduling SIG, Strathclyde University, 14th-15th September 1994 -
[152K ps file,
165K pdf file]
A
Distributed Scheduling Framework - Carla P. Gomes, Austin Tate and
Lyn C. Thomas - Proceedeings of the Sixth International Conference on
Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI 1994), pp. 49-55, New
Orleans, Louisiana, USA, November 6-9, 1994. IEEE Computer Society.
[165K pdf file]
1995
Putting Knowledge Rich Plan Representations to Use - Austin Tate -
Machine Intelligence 14 - Applied Machine Intelligence,
(eds. Furukawa, K., Michie, D. and Muggleton, S.), pp. 89-110, Oxford
University Press, 1995.
[Original paper was Tate, A. (1993) Putting Knowledge-Rich Plan
Representations to Use - in the papers of the 14th Machine
Intelligence Workshop, Tokyo, Japan, November 1993] -
[169K ps file,
190K pdf file]
Acquiring Criteria for Plan Quality Control - Brian Drabble,
Yolanda Gil (USC/ISI) and Austin Tate - in the proceedings of the 1995
AAAI Stanford Spring Symposium Workshop on Integrated Planning Applications -
[97K ps file,
110K pdf file]
Integrating Constraint Management into an AI Planner - Austin Tate
- Journal of Artificial Intelligence in Engineering,
Vol. 9, No.3, pp. 221-228, 1995 -
[233K ps file,
205K pdf file]
Open Planning, Scheduling and Constraint Management Architectures
- Howard Beck and Austin Tate - in the British Telecommunication's
Technical Journal, Special Issue on Resource Management, 1995 -
[572K ps file,
250K pdf file]
Characterising Plans as a Set of Constraints - the <I-N-OVA> Model -
A Framework for Comparative Analysis -
Austin Tate - in the Special Issue on "Evaluation of Plans, Planners, and
Planning Agents", ACM SIGART Bulletin Vol. 6 No. 1, January 1995 -
[147K ps file,
175K pdf file]
Don't Leave Your Plan on the Shelf - Austin Tate - Symposium on
Artificial Intelligence, J.Doyle and P.Wegner (eds.), ACM Computing
Surveys, Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 351-352, Association of Computing
Machinery, September 1995.
[123K ps file,
68K pdf file]
Yes, But Why is That Plan Better? - Brian Drabble, Yolanda Gil
(USC/ISI) and Austin Tate - in the Proceedings of the International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence in the Petroleum Industry,
13th-15th September 1995, Lillehammer Hotel, Lillehammer, Norway. -
[140K ps file,
130K pdf file]
O-Plan: A Situated Planning Agent - Brian Drabble and Austin Tate -
in the proceedings of the Third European Workshop on Planning Systems,
Assisi, Italy, September, 27-29, 1995 -
[183K ps file,
215K pdf file]
O-Plan's PlanWorld Viewers - Austin Tate and Brian Drabble -
in the proceedings of the Fourteenth UK Special Interest Group on Planning and
Scheduling, Wivenhoe House Conference Centre, Essex University, 22-23
November 1995 - [240K ps file,
210K pdf file]
Open Planning, Scheduling and Constraint Management Architectures for
Virtual Manufacturing -
Howard Beck and Austin Tate -
in papers of the Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) Workshop
at IJCAI-95, Montreal, Canada, August 1995 -
[288K ps file,
200K pdf file]
The Enterprise Tool Set - An Open Enterprise Architecture -
John Fraser and Austin Tate -
in papers of the Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (IMS) Workshop
at IJCAI-95, Montreal, Canada, August 1995 -
[170K ps file,
195K pdf file]
An Engineers Approach to the Application of Knowledge Based
Planning and Scheduling Techniques to Logistics - Austin Tate, Brian
Drabble and Jeff Dalton, Artificial Intelligence Applications
Institute, Technical Report, AIAI-TR-188.
September 1995. - [260K ps file,
365K pdf file]
Tate, A., Drabble. B. and Dalton, J.,
An Engineers Approach to the Application of Knowledge Based
Planning and Scheduling Techniques to Logistics -
O-Plan Final Technical Report RL-TR-95-235 December 1995 -
[20.4MB pdf file]
Drabble, B. (1995) Artificial Intelligence for Project Planning,
IEE Colloquium on Future Developments in Project Management Systems,
London, UK, 1995, pp 3/1-3/5 -
[Draft paper entitled "Knowledge Based Support for Project Planning" -
10MB pdf file]
1996
Towards a Plan Ontology - Austin Tate - AI*IA Notiziqe (Quarterly
Publication of the Associazione Italiana per l'Intelligenza
Artificiale), Special Issue on "Aspects of Planning Research", Vol. 9.
No. 1, pp.19-26 - March 1996 -
[98K ps file,
162K pdf file]
Representing Plans as a Set of Constraints - the < I-N-OVA >
Model - Austin Tate - Proceedings of the Third International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems (AIPS-96) -
Edinburgh, May 1996 - [113K
ps file,
180K pdf file]
Smart Planning - Austin Tate - in Advanced Planning Technology -
Technological Achievements of the ARPA/Rome Laboratory Planning
Initiative (ed. Tate, A), AAAI Press.
[96K pdf file,
local copy]
O-Plan: a Knowledge-Based Planner and its Application to Logistics
- Austin Tate, Brian Drabble and Jeff Dalton - in Advanced Planning
Technology - Technological Achievements of the ARPA/Rome Laboratory
Planning Initiative (ed. Tate, A), AAAI Press.
[ 223K ps file,
[ 218K pdf file]
Using Constraints for Task-oriented Communication, Planning and
Control - Austin Tate - Proceedings of the Workshop on "Theories of
Action, Planning and Control: Bridging the Gap", at the National
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96) - Portland, Oregon,
USA, August 1996 - [40K ps file,
86K pdf file]
CommonKADS Models for Knowledge Based Planning - John Kingston,
Nigel Shadbolt and Austin Tate - Proceedings of the National
Conference on Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-96) - Portland, Oregon,
USA, August 1996 - [209K ps file,
199K pdf file]
Process Interchange Format (PIF) for Sharing Ontologies - Jintae
Lee, Michael Gruninger, Yan Jin, Thomas Malone, Austin Tate, Gregg
Yost and PIF Working Group - European Conference on Artificial
Intelligence (ECAI) Workshop on Ontological Engineering, 1996.
[41KB pdf file]
1997
Mixed Initiative Interaction in O-Plan -
Austin Tate -
Proceedings of the AAAI Spring Symposium on
Computational Models for Mixed Initiative Interaction,
Stanford, California, USA, March
1997 - [339K ps file,
240K pdf file]
Multi-agent Planning via Mutually Constraining the Space of Behaviour -
Austin Tate -
Proceedings of the AAAI-97 Workshop on Constraints and Agents, Providence,
Rhode Island, USA, July 1997 - [131K ps file,
145K pdf file]
Multi-Perspective Modelling of Air Campaign Planning -
John Kingston and Terri Lydiard (AIAI) and Anna Griffith (ISX Corporation) -
Proceedings of the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence
(IJCAI '97), Nagoya, Japan, 23-29 August
1997 - [945K ps file,
164K pdf file]
A Planning Agent on the World Wide Web -
Austin Tate -
Seminar on Agents in Information Systems, Heathrow,
London, UK, 9th October 1997, Unicom Seminars Ltd.
Uxbridge, Middlesex, UK - [648K ps file,
418K pdf file]
Repairing Plans on the Fly -
Brian Drabble, Jeff Dalton and Austin Tate -
Proceedings of the NASA Workshop on Planning and Scheduling for Space,
Oxnard CA, USA, October 1997 - [283K ps file,
75K pdf file]
Steve Polyak and Austin Tate, Analysis of Candidate PSL
Process/Plan Representations, AIAI-PR-66, Artificial Intelligence
Applications Institute (AIAI), Edinburgh, 1997 - [1.4MB ps file,
444KB pdf file]
1998
Rationale in Planning: Causality, Dependencies and Decisions -
Steve Polyak and Austin Tate - The Knowledge Engineering Review - Vol
13(3), September, pp. 247-262,
1998 - [382K ps file,
219K pdf file]
Generation of Multiple Qualitatively Different Plan Options -
Austin Tate, Jeff Dalton and John Levine -
Proceedings of the Fourth International
Conference on Artificial Intelligence Planning Systems
(AIPS-98), Pittsburgh PA, USA, June
1998 - [907K ps file,
463K pdf file]
The PIF Process Interchange Format and Framework, Version 1.2,
Jintae Lee, Michael Grunninger, Yan Jin, Thomas Malone, Austin Tate,
Gregg Yost and other members of the PIF Working Group,
The Knowledge Engineering Review Vol 13(1), pp. 91-120,
Cambridge University Press, March 1998 -
[660K RTF file]
Roots of SPAR - Shared Planning and Activity Representation -
Austin Tate -
The Knowledge Engineering Review Vol 13(1),
Cambridge University Press, March 1998 -
[40K html file]
TF Method: An Initial Framework for Modelling and Analysing Planning
Domains -
Austin Tate, Steve Polyak and Peter Jarvis -
AIPS-98 Workshop on Knowledge Engineering and
Acquisition - [2358K ps file,
660K pdf file]
Applying Design Space Analysis to Planning -
Steve Polyak -
AIPS-98 Workshop on Knowledge Engineering and
Acquisition - [551K ps file]
[237K pdf file]
Knowledge Asset Road Maps -
Ann Macintosh, Ian Filby and Austin Tate -
in Proceedings of The Second International Conference on Practical Aspects
of Knowledge Management (PAKM98), 29-30 October, 1998; Basel,
Switzerland - [245K ps file,
47K pdf file]
Steve Polyak and Stuart Aitken, Manufacturing Process
Interoperability Scenario, AIAI-PR-86, Artificial Intelligence
Applications Institute (AIAI), Edinburgh - [628K ps file,
237K pdf file]
1999
Polyak, S., A Common Process Methodology for Engineering Process
Domains, Accepted at the Systems Engineering for Business Process Change
(SEBPC) workshop, SMBPI: Systems Modelling for Business Process
Improvement, University of Ulster, March 1999, Available as: Department
of Artificial Intelligence, Report Paper 931, University of Edinburgh,
Scotland, 1998.
Also appeared in Bustard D.W., P. Kawalek, and M.T Norris (Eds.), pp.95-115,
Systems Modeling for Business Process Improvement,
Artech House, Norwood, MA, USA, 2000 - [3,590K ps file,
342K pdf file]
Tate, A., Dalton. J. and Levine, J. Multi-Perspective Planning -
Using Domain Constraints to Support the Coordinated Development of
Plans, O-Plan Final Technical Report AFRL-IF-RS-TR-1999-60,
April 1999 - [13.1MB pdf file]
Tate, A., Dalton. J., Levine, J., and Jarvis, P, Using Shared Models of
Activity to Underpin Coalition Planning, in Proceedings of the International
Workshop on Knowledge-based Planning for Coalition Forces (ed. Tate, A.),
pp. 95-105, Edinburgh, 10th and 11th
May 1999 - [812K ps file]
Wickler, G. and Tate, A.,
Capability Representations for Brokering: A Survey.
Submitted to Knowledge Engineering Review, Not Published, November
1999 - [896K ps file,
493K pdf file]
Tate, A. Planning, MIT Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science (MITECS),
R.A. Wilson and F.C. Keil (eds.), pp. 652-653, MIT Press, Cambridge,
MA, USA, 1990.
[http://ai.ato.ms/MITECS/Entry/tate.html]
[Local Copy]
2000
Tate, A., Levine, J., Jarvis, P. and Dalton, J.,
Using AI Planning Technology for Army Small Unit Operations,
Poster Paper in Proceedings of the
Fifth International Conference on Planning and Scheduling Systems
(AIPS-2000), Breckenridge, Colorado, USA, April 2000 - [13.2MB ps file,
333KB pdf file]
Polyak, S.T. and Tate, A., A Common Process Ontology for Process-Centred
Organisations, Knowledge Based Systems, 2000 - [unavailable]
Earlier version published as University of Edinburgh Department of
Artificial Intelligence Research paper 930, 1998 -
[804KB ps file]
[349KB pdf file]
Dyke, D.S., Salt, M.G., Jarvis, P. and Desimone, R., Experimental
Results from Integrating Planning Systems and Simulation Models, 2000
Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium, in Proceedings
of the US Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, California, USA, June
26-28th, 2000 - [262KB pdf file,
304KB MS Word file]
Tate, A., <I-N-OVA> and <I-N-CA> - Representing Plans
and other Synthesized Artifacts as a Set of Constraints, AAAI-2000
Workshop on Representational Issues for Real-World Planning Systems, at
the National Conference of the American Association of Artificial
Intelligence (AAAI-2000), Austin, Texas, USA, August 2000 - [168KB pdf file]
Tate, A., Dalton, J. and Levine, J., O-Plan: a Web-based AI
Planning Agent, AAAI-2000 Intelligent Systems Demonstrator, in
Proceedings of the National Conference of the American Association
of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI-2000), Austin, Texas, USA, August 2000 -
[14KB pdf file]
Levine, J., Tate, A. and Dalton, J., O-P3: Supporting the Planning
Process using Open Planning Process Panels, IEEE Intelligent Systems,
Vol. 15, No. 6, November/December 2000 -
[pdf Format]
Nixon, A., Levine, J., and Tate, A., A Limited Media Interface to an
AI Planning System, Proceedings of the Nineteenth Workshop of the UK
Planning and Scheduling Special Interest Group (PLANSIG 2000), Open
University, Milton Keynes, UK, December 2000 -
[pdf Format]
Tate, A. (2000) Intelligible AI Planning, in Research and
Development in Intelligent Systems XVII - the Proceedings of ES2000,
The Twentieth British Computer Society Special Group on Expert Systems
International Conference on Knowledge Based Systems and Applied
Artificial Intelligence, pp. 3-16, Cambridge, UK, December 2000,
Springer - [300KB pdf file]
The following 2001 or later papers include overviews of the
results of the O-Plan project...
Tate, A., Levine, J., Dalton, J. and Nixon, A. (2003) Task Achieving
Agents on the World Wide Web, in Spinning the Semantic Web, Fensel,
D., Hendler, J., Liebermann, H. and Wahlster, W. (eds.), Chapter 15,
pp. 431-458, MIT Press, 2003.
Earlier draft paper without figures
for Dagstuhl workshop on the Semantic Web, 2001 -
[MS Word Format]
[pdf Format]
Tate, A. and Dalton, J. (2003) O-Plan: a Common Lisp Planning
Web Service, invited paper, in Proceedings of the International Lisp
Conference 2003, October 12-25, 2003, New York, NY, USA, October
12-15, 2003 -
[MS Word Format]
[pdf Format]
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Last updated: Wed Nov 3 14:58:00 2021
