2007-02-14T18:31:25
file:/Users/stuart/Desktop/FirefoxDownloads/component.obo
2006-12-01T19:30:00
gene_ontology
Generic GO slim
Yeast GO slim
gocvs
GOA and proteome slim
Prokaryotic GO subset
cvs version: $Revision: 4.149 $
Plant GO slim
plastid large ribosomal subunit
The larger of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
GOC:mcc
cellular_component
A complex that includes the long-chain 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase and long-chain enoyl-CoA hydratase activities in two subunits (alpha and beta), catalyzing two steps of the fatty acid beta-oxidation cycle within the mitochondrial matrix.
GOC:ma
cellular_component
trifunctional enzyme
fatty acid beta-oxidation multienzyme complex
GOC:go_curators
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because its position and synonym implied that it confused a coated vesicle with the coat itself. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'COPI vesicle coat ; GO:0030126' and 'COPI-coated vesicle ; GO:0030137'.
COPI vesicle
cellular_component
coatomer
chloroplast membrane
cellular_component
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a chloroplast and form the chloroplast envelope.
GOC:pz
GOC:mah
Note that this domain generally consists of eight subunits.
TC:3.A.2.-.-
PMID:10224039
GOC:rb
The peripheral domain of the V-type ATPase contains the section responsible for ATP hydrolysis.
hydrogen-transporting ATPase V1 domain
cellular_component
cellular_component
myosin XIII complex
http://www.mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk/myosin/Review/Reviewframeset.html
A myosin complex containing one or more class XIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
cellular_component
radial spoke
Protein complex that links the outer microtubule doublet of the ciliary or flagellum axoneme with the sheath that surrounds the central pair of microtubules. Composed of a stalk that attaches to each doublet microtubule and a globular structure (spoke head) that projects toward the central pair of microtubules.
PMID:9450971
ISBN:0124325653
repressor ecdysone receptor holocomplex
cellular_component
cellular_component
MVE
PMID:12122203
MVB
multivesicular endosome
multivesicular body
PMID:11566881
A type of late endosome in which regions of the limiting endosomal membrane invaginate to form internal vesicles; membrane proteins that enter the internal vesicles are sequestered from the cytoplasm.
ISBN:0721639976
linking collagen
connecting collagen
cellular_component
Any collagen polymer which links one collagen assembly, such as a collagen fibril or sheet, to other structures.
anchoring collagen
cellular_component
Ada2/Gcn5/Ada3 transcription activator complex
PMID:10637607
A multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, two proteins of the Ada family, and two TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
ISBN:0198547684
The nascent cell membrane and cell wall structure that forms between two daughter nuclei near the center of a dividing plant cell. It develops at the equitorial region of the phragmoplast. It grows outwards to join with the lateral walls and form two daughter cells.
cellular_component
cell plate
cellular_component
ring canal (sensu Insecta)
Germline specific intercellular bridge, as in, but not restricted to, the true insects (Insecta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:50557). During cyst formation in insects, ring canals interconnect the cells of the cyst, facilitating the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells.
PMID:9655801
PMID:9635420
photoreceptor inner segment
PMID:12019563
GOC:add
The inner segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor containing mitochondria, ribosomes and membranes where opsin molecules are assembled and passed to be part of the outer segment discs.
cellular_component
endocytotic vesicle
endocytotic transport vesicle
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
cellular_component
endocytic vesicle
BLOC-2 complex
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps3, Hps5, and Hps6 proteins; the mouse complex contains ru2 and ru.
PMID:15031569
PMID:14718540
PMID:12548288
cellular_component
ARF complex
cellular_component
PMID:9288972
PMID:12374795
A transcriptionally active complex that binds to an activin response element (ARE) in the promoter of target genes, and is composed of two SMAD2 proteins, one SMAD4 protein and a Forkhead activin signal transducer (FAST) transcription factor.
activin responsive factor complex
Note that this term should not be confused with any of the molecular function and biological process terms that refer to the small GTPase ARF (ADP-ribosylation factor).
MHC class I peptide loading complex
A large, multisubunit complex which consists of the MHC class I-beta 2 microglobulin dimer, the transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP), tapasin (an MHC-encoded membrane protein), the chaperone calreticulin and the thiol oxidoreductase ERp57. Functions in the assembly of peptides with newly synthesized MHC class I molecules.
PMID:10631934
GOC:jl
Note that although this complex is located in the endoplasmic reticulum, there is some evidence that it may also be found in the Golgi.
cellular_component
Any complex formed of proteins that act in mismatch repair.
cellular_component
mismatch repair complex
gas vesicle
PMID:8177173
A hollow structure made of protein, which usually has the form of a cylindrical tube closed by conical end caps. By regulating their relative gas vesicle content aquatic microbes are able to perform vertical migrations.
cellular_component
cell-cell junction
GOC:hb
GOC:dgh
A specialized region of connection between two cells including but not limited to gap junctions, desmosomes, and tight junctions, but excluding direct cytoplasmic junctions such as ring canals.
cellular_component
intercellular junction
ISBN:0716731363
GOC:jic
The antenna complex of photosystem I. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
cellular_component
photosystem I antenna complex
H4/H2A histone acetyltransferase complex
H4/H2A HAT complex
PMID:14966270
A multisubunit complex responsible for acetylation of histones H4 and H2A. In yeast, the complex has 12 subunits, including the catalytic subunit Esa1 (homologous to human Tip60).
cellular_component
NuA4
apicolateral plasma membrane
The apical end of the lateral plasma membrane of epithelial cells.
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endocytic vesicle.
endocytic vesicle membrane
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a homodimer; GO cellular component terms must represent complexes containing more than one gene product.
OBSOLETE. A homodimer of inhibin beta-B is termed 'activin B complex'. This protein complex is secreted.
http://www.stedmans.com/
http://www.mercksource.com
activin B complex
inhibin beta-B
cellular_component
A multisubunit complex consisting of Myb and other proteins that regulates site specific DNA replication, gene amplification and transcriptional repression.
PMID:15545624
PMID:12490953
Myeloblastosis proto-oncogene protein complex
cellular_component
Myb complex
glycocalyx
cellular_component
ISBN:0815108893
GOC:mlg
The outermost external structures which surround a bacterial cell.
nuclear pore
cellular_component
NPC
nuclear pore membrane protein
Any of the numerous similar discrete openings in the nuclear envelope of a eukaryotic cell, where the inner and outer nuclear membranes are joined.
GO:0005644
nuclear pore complex
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the external outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
integral to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
cellular_component
integral to external membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
integral to external membrane (sensu Gram-negative Bacteria)
secretin (sensu Bacteria)
integral to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
GO:0030499
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria)
The small subunit of a ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 30S. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
30S ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
prokaryotic small ribosomal subunit
F-actin
A two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin.
filamentous actin
Note that this term refers only to the actin portion of a microfilament, and does not encompass associated proteins. See also the cellular component term 'actin filament ; GO:0005884'.
cellular_component
Complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-5 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-3.
PMID:11839579
PMID:11312115
interleukin-5 receptor complex
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the original definition was too narrow. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'spindle pole ; GO:0000922'.
http://www.cytokinetics.com
OBSOLETE. One of the pair of centrosomes in a cell undergoing mitosis. Microtubules radiating from these centrosomes form the mitotic spindle.
spindle pole
cellular_component
Sin3 complex
cellular_component
PMID:12865422
PMID:11743021
PMID:10589671
A multiprotein complex that functions broadly in eukaryotic organisms as a transcriptional repressor of protein-coding genes, through the gene-specific deacetylation of histones. Amongst its subunits, the Sin3 complex contains Sin3-like proteins, and a number of core proteins that are shared with the NuRD complex (including histone deacetylases and histone binding proteins). The Sin3 complex does not directly bind DNA itself, but is targeted to specific genes through protein-protein interactions with DNA-binding proteins.
cellular_component
The portion of the cell soma (cell body) that excludes the nucleus.
perikaryon
granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor receptor complex
cellular_component
The heterodimeric receptor for granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor.
integrin complex
laminin receptor protein
Any member of a family of heterodimeric transmembrane receptors for cell-adhesion molecules. The alpha and beta subunits are noncovalently bonded.
ISBN:0721662544
ISBN:0198506732
cellular_component
acidocalcisome
GOC:mb
An electron-dense acidic organelle which contains a matrix of pyrophosphate and polyphosphates with bound calcium and other cations.
cellular_component
lignin network
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk
A network composed of lignin; a complex polymer of phenylpropanoid subunits, laid down in the walls of plant cells such as xylem vessels and sclerenchyma. It imparts considerable strength to the wall and also protects it against degradation by microorganisms. It is also laid down as a defence reaction against pathogenic attack, as part of the hypersensitive response of plants.
cellular_component
All of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cellular_component
cytoplasm
An intracellular, often complex, membranous structure, sometimes with additional membranous lamellae inside, found in bacteria. They are associated with synthesis of DNA and secretion of proteins.
ISBN:0716731363986
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/
mesosome
cellular_component
box C + D snoRNP protein
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
A myosin complex containing one or more class XVII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
myosin XVII complex
cellular_component
The region of a bacterial cell, mitochondrion or chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
ISBN:3540076689
cellular_component
nucleoid
PMID:11112355
An insoluble protein structure formed under the plasma membrane of cornifying epithelial cells.
cornified envelope
cellular_component
collagen type IX
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IX alpha chains in alpha1(IX)alpha2(IX)alpha3(IX) trimers; type IX collagen triple helices associate to form a structure that links glycosaminoglycans to type II collagen fibrils.
cellular_component
ISBN:0471245208
Nucleus resulting from the fusion of the male gamete and two polar nuclei in the central cell of the embryo sac.
primary endosperm nucleus
cellular_component
bud tip polarisome
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal bud.
PMID:9632790
cellular_component
endosome component
cellular_component
endosomal part
Any constituent part of an endosome, a membrane-bound organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
chloroplast envelope
cellular_component
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chloroplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
GOC:tb
GOC:lr
Appressed thylakoid membranes that are part of a granum (stacked regions). A characteristic of these appressed regions is the preferential localization of photosystem II.
granal stacked thylakoid
cellular_component
chloroplast stacked thylakoid
Swi1-Swi3 complex
cellular_component
PMID:15367656
A protein complex conserved in eukaryotes and associated with the replication fork; the complex stabilizes stalled replication forks and is thought to be involved in coordinating leading- and lagging-strand synthesis and in replication checkpoint signaling.
replication fork protection complex
cellular_component
Complex that possesses D-amino-acid dehydrogenase activity.
D-amino-acid dehydrogenase complex
See also the molecular function term 'D-amino-acid oxidase activity ; GO:0003884'.
A portmanteau term for myosins other than myosin II.
unconventional myosin complex
GO:0005860
cellular_component
Note that this term is retained because it is widely used by biologists.
non-muscle myosin
cellular_component
ectoplasm
Granule free cytoplasm, lying immediately below the plasma membrane.
chloroplast
A chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
cellular_component
cellular_component
motile secondary cilium
GOC:kva
A cilium that consists of a 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules, radial spokes, and a dynein apparatus. Motile cilia, found on cells that line the lumenal ducts of various tissues, beat with a characteristic whip-like pattern that promotes cell motility or transport of fluids and other cells across a cell surface.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
inter-Golgi transport vesicle
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'inter-Golgi transport vesicle ; GO:0030143'.
cellular_component
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
PMID:10838056
The catalytic sector of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the mitochondrial inner membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) (sensu Eukaryota)
SSB
RPA
replication protein A
single-stranded DNA-binding protein complex
cellular_component
DNA replication factor A complex
PMID:9242902
A conserved heterotrimeric complex that binds nonspecifically to single-stranded DNA and is required for multiple processes in eukaryotic DNA metabolism, including DNA replication, DNA repair, and recombination. In all eukaryotic organisms examined the complex is composed of subunits of approximately 70, 30, and 14 kDa.
See also the molecular function term 'nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity ; GO:0008942'.
nitrite reductase complex [NAD(P)H]
Complex that possesses nitrite reductase [NAD(P)H] activity.
cellular_component
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an elaioplast.
cellular_component
elaioplast stroma
A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in a plastid.
PMID:12957385
ISBN:0716720094
ISBN:0471331309
plastid type II fatty acid synthase complex
cellular_component
photoreceptor outer segment
cellular_component
ISBN:0824072820
The outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor that contains discs of photoreceptive membranes.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
cellular_component
nuclear chromosome, telomeric region
nuclear chromosome, telomere
The terminal region of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
GOC:elh
A complex that possesses protein farnesyltransferase activity.
protein farnesyltransferase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
Complex that catalyzes the synthesis of ADP-glucose and pyrophosphate from glucose-1-phosphate and ATP. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed of two types of subunits (small and large). In bacteria, the enzyme complex is composed of four identical subunits.
PMID:12748181
glucose-1-phosphate adenylyltransferase complex
A septum, or cross-wall, between two portions of a cell or hypha; contains a central pore around which the septum is swollen to form a barrel-shaped structure; pore is covered on each side of the septum by a septal pore cap (parenthosome).
GOC:clt
dolipore septum
cellular_component
A complex that binds interleukin-13; consists of two chains, interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain and interleukin-4 receptor alpha chain.
UniProtKB:P78552
interleukin-13 receptor complex
cellular_component
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/
The outer part of the exine, which stains positively with basic fuchsin in optical microscopy and has higher electron density in conventionally prepared TEM sections.
Note that ectexine is distinguished on staining properties; compare with 'sexine ; GO:0043673'. See also 'endexine ; GO:0043671'.
cellular_component
ectexine
mitochondrial ribosome
A ribosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell; contains a characteristic set of proteins distinct from those of cytosolic ribosomes.
cellular_component
Rik1-E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
Rik1 E3 ubiquitin ligase complex
PMID:16040243
PMID:16024659
A protein complex that consists of (minimally) cullin, RING finger, methyltransferase, Rik1 WD repeat protein, Raf1 and Raf2. Required to regulate heterchromatin formation by RNAi and for histone H3K9 methylation.
cellular_component
cortical microtubule (sensu Viridiplantae)
cellular_component
Arrays of microtubules underlying and connected to the plasma membrane of plant cells, in the cortical cytosol, oriented mainly with their axes transverse to the long axis of the cell(and root). It influences the direction of cellulose microfibril deposition. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
ISBN:0943088399
Polycomb Group protein complex
PMID:9372908
A chromatin-associated multiprotein complex containing Polycomb Group proteins. In Drosophila, Polycomb group proteins are involved in the long-term maintenance of gene repression, and PcG protein complexes associate with Polycomb group response elements (PREs) in target genes to regulate higher-order chromatin structure.
cellular_component
PcG protein complex
cellular_component
chloroplast thylakoid
thylakoid (sensu Viridiplantae)
ISBN:0943883999
Sac-like membranous structures (cisternae) in a chloroplast combined into stacks (grana) and present singly in the stroma (stroma thylakoids or frets) as interconnections between grana. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
OBSOLETE. An amorphous-appearing accumulation of septin proteins at the future site of cytokinesis.
PMID:16009555
septin patch
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it was added in error; it does not refer to a normal subcellular structure.
PMID:15145345
PMID:10749213
A ribonucleoprotein complex that contains members of the Argonaute family of proteins, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) or microRNAs (miRNAs), and miRNA or siRNA-complementary mRNAs, in addition to a number of accessory factors. The RISC complex is involved in posttranscriptional repression of gene expression through downregulation of translation or induction of mRNA degradation.
cellular_component
RISC complex
RNA-induced silencing complex
storage vacuole
A vacuole that functions primarily in the storage of materials, including nutrients, pigments, waste products, and small molecules.
GOC:krc
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a microbody, a cytoplasmic organelle, spherical or oval in shape, that is bounded by a single membrane and contains oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
cellular_component
microbody part
cellular_component
Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
PMID:10915862
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses endodeoxynuclease and DNA helicase activities.
nucleotide-excision repair factor 3 complex
NEF3 complex
cellular_component
plastid NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
A NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) complex found in a plastid.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-A subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-A or activin/inhibin beta-A).
activin A complex
Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and an inhibin alpha subunit. See also the cellular component term 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
cellular_component
cellular_component
capsule (sensu Fungi)
A protective structure attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules play an important role in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by eukaryotic cells. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
The lipid bilayer surrounding a phagocytic vesicle.
cellular_component
phagocytic vesicle membrane
Holliday junction helicase complex
cellular_component
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'cytoplasmic dynein complex ; GO:0005868'.
cellular_component
The fibrous, electron-dense layer lying on the nucleoplasmic side of the inner membrane of a cell nucleus, composed of lamin filaments. The polypeptides of the lamina are thought to be concerned in the dissolution of the nuclear envelope and its re-formation during mitosis. The lamina is composed of lamin A and lamin C filaments cross-linked into an orthogonal lattice, which is attached via lamin B to the inner nuclear membrane through interactions with a lamin B receptor, an IFAP, in the membrane.
nuclear lamina
cellular_component
A multilayered structure surrounding all or part of a cell; encompasses one or more lipid bilayers, and may include a cell wall layer, also includes the space between layers.
envelope
cellular_component
cellular_component
multifactor translation initiation factor (eIF) complex
A multifactor complex composed of multiple translation initiation factors and the initiatior tRNAiMet, which is ready to bind to the small (40S) ribosome to form the 43S preintiation complex. In S. cerevisiae, this complex is composed of eIF1, eIF2, eIF3, and eIF5.
SGD:kc
multi-eIF complex
laminin-6 complex
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha3, beta1 and gamma1.
PMID:10842354
integral to endosome membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the endosome membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
cellular_component
COMA complex
Ctf1p-Okp1p-Mcm1p-Ame1p complex
A multiprotein complex in yeast consisting of Ctf1p, Okp1p, Mcm1p, Ame1p. This complex bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly.
PMID:14633972
GOC:se
cellular_component
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain.
respiratory chain complex II
intercalated disc
http://cancerweb.ncl.ac.uk/cgi-bin/omd?fascia+adherens
A broad intercellular junction in the intercalated disk of cardiac muscle that anchors actin filaments.
fascia adherens
cellular_component
cellular_component
cortical cytoskeleton
The portion of the cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
mitochondrial outer membrane
metaxin
cellular_component
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope.
GOC:ai
A multisubunit complex that is located at the pericentric region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore
cellular_component
plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex A
The plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase A (PEP-A) is a plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-A is generated from the PEP-B form during chloroplast maturation to generate a complex composed of at least thirteen polypeptides that is not sensitive to the antibiotic rifampicin, like its precursor form the PEP-B complex.
PMID:10946105
cellular_component
PEP-A
COPI coated vesicle membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a COPI-coated vesicle.
cellular_component
protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
GOC:bf
A complex, normally consisting of a catalytic and a regulatory subunit, which catalyzes the removal of a phosphate group from a serine or threonine residue of a protein.
hyphal tip
The end, or tip, of a fungal hypha, where polarized growth occurs during hyphal elongation.
cellular_component
mitotic chromosome
chromatid
condensed chromosome
cytoplasmic mitotic chromosome
cellular_component
metaphase chromosome
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure.
Note that this term can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes an 'open mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope breaks down during mitosis.
EKC/KEOPS protein complex
PMID:16874308
PMID:16564010
A protein complex proposed to be involved in transcription as well as promoting telomere uncapping and telomere elongation. For example, in Saccharomyces cerevisiae the complex contains Bud32p, Kae1p, Gon7p, Cgi121p, and Pcc1p.
Kinase, putative Endopeptidase and Other Proteins of Small size protein complex
Endopeptidase-like Kinase Chromatin-associated protein complex
cellular_component
The external (cytoplasmic face) of an endosome membrane.
external side of endosome membrane
cellular_component
PMID:11005803
A heterodimer involved in binding to and correcting insertion/deletion mutations. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH3.
MSH2/MSH3 complex
MMR complex
cellular_component
MutSbeta complex
intrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Any protein complex that mediates changes in chromatin structure that result in transcriptional silencing.
chromatin silencing complex
chiasma
A connection formed between chromatids, visible during meiosis, thought to be the point of the interchange involved in crossing-over.
cellular_component
EC:3.4.23.43
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the cleavage of a Gly-Phe bond to release an N-terminal, basic peptide of 5-8 residues from type IV prepilin, and then N-methylates the new N-terminal amino group.
prepilin peptidase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
A structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
ISBN:0471940526
cross wall
cell septum
septum
ISBN:0121585336
A segmented viral genome consisting of three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
cellular_component
tripartite viral genome
prophase chromosome
A structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
cellular_component
chromatid
chromosome
interphase chromosome
The space within a host but external to the plasma membrane of host cells, e.g. within host bloodstream.
PAMGO:cc
host extracellular space
extracellular space of host
cellular_component
A lysosome before it has fused with a vesicle or vacuole.
primary lysosome
cellular_component
ribonuclease MRP complex
cellular_component
RNase MRP complex
ribonuclease mitochondrial RNA processing complex
PMID:10690410
A ribonucleoprotein complex that performs the first cleavage in rRNA transcript processing and is also involved in mitochondrial RNA processing.
cellular_component
apicoplast
The plastid organelle found in apicomplexans.
ISBN:0521664470
CCR4-NOT complex
cellular_component
A large multimeric transcription factor complex that can regulate transcription positively or negatively; consists of a core complex plus additional proteins; may interact with other proteins to control initiation of transcription. In Saccharomyces the core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p; Caf4p, Caf16p, and several less well characterized proteins.
PMID:11113136
The double lipid bilayer enclosing a plastid and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
GOC:jy
cellular_component
plastid envelope
A leucoplast in which oil is stored.
ISBN:0140514031
elaioplast
cellular_component
axonemal dynein heavy chain
axonemal dynein complex
ISBN:0815316194
A dynein complex found in eukaryotic cilia and flagella; the motor domain heads interact with adjacent microtubules to generate a sliding force which in converted to a bending motion. May contain two or three dynein heavy chains as well as several light chains.
axonemal dynein intermediate chain
cellular_component
axonemal dynein intermediate light chain
axonemal dynein light chain
PMID:12631728
Stacks of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes containing a high density of nuclear pores, thought to form from excess nuclear membrane components, that have been described in a number of different cells. Annulate lamellar membranes are continuous with and embedded within the ER.
cellular_component
annulate lamellae
PMID:10503189
Stable, specialized structure for the ingestion of food by the cell into phagosomes.
cytostome
cellular_component
Golgi cis face
Golgi cis-face
forming face
The convex side of the Golgi apparatus, which abuts the endoplasmic reticulum.
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a parasitophorous vacuole.
cellular_component
parasitophorous vacuolar membrane
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
DNA
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
cellular_component
A complex consisting of a protein and RNA component which binds the signal sequence of some proteins and facilitates their export to or across the plasma membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2) and the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
cellular_component
signal recognition particle (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
Any constituent part of a chromosome, a structure composed of a very long molecule of DNA and associated proteins (e.g. histones) that carries hereditary information.
chromosome component
chromosomal part
cellular_component
A pair of rings that flank the site of cell division, formed by splitting of the septin ring (or collar) prior to cytokinesis; this double ring structure is thought to trap proteins needed for cytokinesis or the formation of the new membrane or cell wall between the two septin rings. Split septin rings are known to occur in budding yeast cells and probably occur in other cell types as well.
PMID:16151244
cellular_component
split septin rings
The terminal region of a polytene chromosome.
cellular_component
polytene chromosome, telomeric region
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex that interacts with karyopherin-cargo complexes; a well-characterized example in Saccharomyces contains Asm4p, Nup53p, and Nup170p.
PMID:9864357
PMID:11867631
cellular_component
Asm4p-containing complex
nuclear pore subcomplex
karyopherin docking complex
A plastid containing pigments other than chlorophyll, usually yellow and orange carotenoid pigments.
cellular_component
chromoplast
The Golgi cisterna closest to the endoplasmic reticulum; the first processing compartment through which proteins pass after export from the ER.
Golgi cis cisterna
cellular_component
Complex that possesses histone deacetylase activity.
histone deacetylase complex
HDAC complex
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location, not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'histone deacetylase activity ; GO:0004407'.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
centromere
chromosome, pericentric region
cellular_component
The central region of a chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins.
cellular_component
An flavoprotein that catalyzes the reaction the breakdown of dimethyl(ribityl)lumazine to form riboflavin and ribitylamino-amino-dihydroxypyrimidine.
EC:2.5.1.9
riboflavin synthase complex
A complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
PMID:14519123
decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
cellular_component
A ribosome contained within a chloroplast.
GOC:ecd
cellular_component
chloroplast ribosome
acetate CoA-transferase complex
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two alpha subunits and two beta subunits. Part of the acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex. Catalyzes the transfer of a carboxyl group to form malonyl-CoA.
UniProtKB:P08193
cellular_component
cellular_component
Located in the mitochondrial outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
intrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane
cellular_component
Extremely large, unmyelinated axon found in invertebrates. Has high conduction speeds and is usually involved in panic or escape responses.
giant axon
This term was made obsolete because it represents a type of whole cell rather than a cellular component. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'mating projection ; GO:0005937' and 'mating projection base ; GO:0001400', or the Fungal Anatomy Ontology term 'shmoo ; FAO:0001023'.
cellular_component
shmoo
mating projection
OBSOLETE. The characteristic projection formed in response to mating pheromone by cells of Saccharomyces and other fungi with similar life cycles. Named after the Al Capp cartoon character, whose shape it resembles.
cytochrome c oxidase complex
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2).
respiratory chain complex IV
GO:0045287
cellular_component
axon hillock
GOC:nln
Portion of the neuronal cell soma from which the axon originates.
cellular_component
IkappaB kinase complex
IKK complex
A protein serine/threonine kinase that phosphorylates IkappaB, thereby targeting this for proteasomal degradation and allowing the nuclear translocation of kB. Composed of alpha, beta and gamma subunits, the latter not having kinase activity but presumed to play a regulatory role.
cellular_component
extrinsic to external side of outer membrane
cellular_component
Loosely bound to the surface of the outer membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of 2-hydroxy acid to form 2-oxo acid and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The enzyme is a flavoprotein (FMN).
EC:1.1.3.15
glycolate oxidase complex
cellular_component
primary septum
primary cell septum
A cell septum that forms following nuclear division.
cellular_component
See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex; for example, the human complex contains the transcription-transformation cofactor TRRAP, hGCN5L acetylase, novel human ADA-like and SPT-like cofactors, and a subset of TAFs.
PMID:11564863
STAGA complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
nucleic acid
cellular_component
Plastoglobules (PG) are lipoprotein particles present in chloroplasts. They are rich in non-polar lipids (triacylglycerols, esters) as well as in prenylquinones, plastoquinone and tocopherols. Plastoglobules are often associated with thylakoid membranes, suggesting an exchange of lipids with thylakoids.
PMID:16461379
GOC:TAIR_curator
plastoglobule
The myosin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
actomyosin, myosin complex part
cellular_component
cytochrome b(6)f complex
cellular_component
cyt b6f complex
cytochrome b6f complex
Complex that transfers electrons from reduced plastoquinone to oxidized plastocyanin and translocates protons from the stroma to the lumen.
cytochrome b6/f complex
cyt b6/f complex
cytochrome b6-f complex
cyt b(6)f complex
cyt b6-f complex
Type II site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
PMID:12654995
A protein complex that functions as an endonuclease to cleave DNA at or near a specific recognition site, when that site is unmethylated. These complexes may be dimers or tetramers; it is also possible for the endonuclease to be in a complex with the corresponding methyltransferase that methylates the recognition site. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
Type II restriction enzyme complex
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a cilium, a specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
cilium part
cellular_component
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
EC:2.6.1.51
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 1 complex
plastid nucleoid
cellular_component
The region of a plastid to which the DNA is confined.
dense core granule membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense core granule.
The inner part of the exine, which stains.
endexine
Note that endexine is distinguished on staining properties; compare with 'sexine ; GO:0043673'. See also 'ectexine ; GO:0043669'.
cellular_component
cellular_component
nucleus
A membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated. In most cells, the nucleus contains all of the cell's chromosomes except the organellar chromosomes, and is the site of RNA synthesis and processing. In some species, or in specialized cell types, RNA metabolism or DNA replication may be absent.
light harvesting complex I
LH1 complex
UniProtKB:kd
Protein complex that surrounds and transfers excitation energy directly to the bacterial reaction center; binds bacteriochlorophyll a and has a single absorption band between 870 and 890 nm.
B875 antenna complex
cellular_component
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex
cellular_component
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
The pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in higher plants, green algae and cyanobacteria that directly transfers electrons to the reaction center.
An array of microtubules emanating from a spindle pole MTOC that do not connect to kinetochores.
cellular_component
aster
cellular_component
The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
cellular_component
nematocyst
cnidocyst
UniProtKB:P01533
An organelle found in cnidoblast (nematoblast) cells. When matured, these stinging organelles store toxins and can deliver them when the cnidocil (a short extension of the cnidocyst) is stimulated by a prey or another stimulus.
transverse filament
A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex that spans the regions between the lateral elements and connects them.
cellular_component
cellular_component
peripheral cytoplasm
cell periphery
The region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
cell cortex
A multisubunit complex that is located at the pericentric region of a condensed chromosome and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
condensed chromosome kinetochore
cellular_component
peptide chain release factor
translation release factor complex
A heterodimeric complex involved in the release of a nascent polypeptide chain from a ribosome.
cellular_component
eukaryotic peptide chain release factor
cellular_component
The large subunit of an archaeal ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 50S. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Archaea)
Golgi component
Any constituent part of the Golgi apparatus, a compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack.
Golgi apparatus part
cellular_component
HA1
AP-1 adaptor complex
HA1 clathrin adaptor
cellular_component
An adaptor complex that links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-1-containing coats are normally found primarily in the trans-Golgi network.
PMID:10611976
Any of the various assemblies in which collagen chains form a left-handed triple helix; may assemble into higher order structures.
collagen
other collagen
cellular_component
extrinsic to mitochondrial outer membrane
cellular_component
Loosely bound to one surface of the mitochondrial outer membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
plasma membrane, GPI-anchored
cellular_component
Tethered to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that the peptide sequence does not span the membrane.
anchored to plasma membrane
GPI-linked ephrin
cellular_component
nuclear centric heterochromatin
Chromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome in the nucleus.
GO:jl
Any constituent part of the extracellular matrix, the structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as often seen in plants).
cellular_component
extracellular matrix part
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P14315
A heterodimer consisting of alpha and a beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, nucleates the polymerization of actin monomers but does not sever actin filaments, and which is a part of the dynactin complex.
actin capping protein of dynactin complex
cellular_component
A complex of accessory proteins (typically troponin T, troponin I and troponin C) found associated with actin in muscle thin filaments; involved in calcium regulation of muscle contraction.
troponin complex
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector (sensu Bacteria)
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1) (sensu Bacteria)
The catalytic sector of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with the plasma membrane when the entire ATP synthase is assembled. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
See also the cellular component term 'plasma membrane ; GO:0005886'.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 complex
eIF-4
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because more specific terms were created. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex ; GO:0016281'.
ND10
PMID:10944585
A class of nuclear body; they react against SP100 auto-antibodies (PML, promyelocytic leukemia); cells typically contain 10-30 PML bodies per nucleus; alterations in the localization of PML bodies occurs after viral infection.
cellular_component
PML body
nuclear dot
cellular_component
chromaffin granule
Specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
cellular_component
granum
Distinct stack of lamellae seen within chloroplasts. Grana contain the pigments, electron transfer compounds, and enzymes essential to the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
ISBN:014051403
Nuf2-Ndc80 complex
cellular_component
A protein complex conserved among eukaryotes that forms part of the kinetochore and plays an essential role in forming stable kinetochore-microtubule attachments. The complex contains proteins known in several species, including budding and fission yeasts, as Ndc80p, Nuf2p, Spc24p, and Spc25p. In vertebrates it is part of the outer plate of the kinetochore.
PMID:15661517
PMID:15509863
Ndc80 complex
PMID:9499108
Globular nuclear domains where the transcription and replication of the viral genome occurs. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
cellular_component
replication compartment
chloroplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
cellular_component
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the chloroplast.
Colorless plastid involved in the synthesis of monoterpenes.
cellular_component
leucoplast
integral to plastid outer membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
basal plasma membrane
Part of the plasma membrane at the basal end of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
cellular_component
cellular_component
early endosome lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of an early endosome.
cellular_component
A collagen heterotrimer containing two alpha1(I) chains and one alpha2(I) chain; type I collagen triple helices associate to form banded fibrils.
collagen type I
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the chloroplast outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
integral to chloroplast outer membrane
cellular_component
chitosome membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chitosome.
cellular_component
Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) (sensu Eukaryota)
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity ; GO:0004449'.
cellular_component
intermediate layer of spindle pole body
PMID:9215630
Structure between the central and outer plaques of the spindle pole body.
cellular_component
cellular_component
extrachromosomal DNA
DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
The flattened sac-like space enclosed between paired membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum.
ER cisterna
cellular_component
endoplasmic reticulum cisterna
cellular_component
Any microtubule in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear microtubule
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
secretory vesicle membrane
This term was made obsolete because its parent was made obsolete. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'transport vesicle membrane ; GO:0030658' and 'secretory granule membrane ; GO:0030667'.
organellar ribosome
cellular_component
A ribosome contained within a subcellular organelle.
glutamate synthase complex
cellular_component
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase activity.
epsilon DNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
A nuclear DNA polymerase with proofreading exonuclease activity. High processivity in the absence of PCNA. Also involved in nucleotide-excision repair and mismatch repair.
PMID:9745046
cellular_component
male germ cell nucleus
The nucleus of a male germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
GOC:hjd
male germ-cell nucleus
lipopolysaccharide receptor complex
cellular_component
Note that this term should not be used to refer to CD14 alone, but the multiprotein receptor complex that it is part of.
A multiprotein complex that consists of at least three proteins, CD14, TLR4, and MD-2, each of which is glycosylated.
PMID:11706042
LPS receptor complex
cellular_component
Portion of the axon proximal to the neuronal cell body, at the level of the axon hillock. The action potentials that propagate along the axon are generated at the level of this initial segment.
initial segment
fumarate reductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term 'succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008177'.
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:003510; InterPro:00224) and D (InterPro:003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. In some species, the complex has only three subunits, and in these cases, there is only one membrane anchor instead of two. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)). As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
InterPro:IPR004224
InterPro:IPR003418
The lipid bilayer surrounding a microbody.
cellular_component
microbody membrane
A protective structure outside the cytoplasmic membrane composed of peptidoglycan, a molecule made up of a glycan (sugar) backbone of repetitively alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid with short, attached, cross-linked peptide chains containing unusual amino acids; also called murein. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cell wall (sensu Bacteria)
peptidoglycan
envelope (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
murein sacculus
muscle tendon junction
cellular_component
PMID:12842007
An adherens junctions formed between a muscle cell and a tendon cell; the muscle and tendon cytoplasmic faces are distinct.
A disc
The dark-staining region of a sarcomere, in which myosin thick filaments are present; the center is traversed by the paler H zone, which in turn contains the M line.
ISBN:0321204131
transverse disc
Q disc
A band
cellular_component
anisotropic disc
cellular_component
alpha-glucosidase II complex
Note that alpha-glucosidase I functions as a monomer, and therefore does not have a corresponding cellular component term.
PMID:8910335
PMID:10464333
A heterodimeric complex that catalyzes the trimming of glucose residues from N-linked core glycans on newly synthesized glycoproteins.
PMID:9700147
One of two subcomplexes that combine to form the retromer, believed to be peripherally associated with the membrane. The budding yeast complex comprises Vps5p and Vps17p, and may contain multiple copies of a Vps5p/Vps17p dimer.
cellular_component
retromer complex, outer shell
cellular_component
Note that this term should be used for the annotation of gene products whose cellular component is unknown by annotating to this node with the evidence code ND, no data.
The part of a cell or its extracellular environment in which a gene product is located. A gene product may be located in one or more parts of a cell and its location may be as specific as a particular macromolecular complex, that is, a stable, persistent association of macromolecules that function together.
cellular component unknown
cellular_component
GO:0008372
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, DNA polymerase, DNA helicase, and other proteins. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2) and the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
replisome (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
cellular_component
cellular_component
myosin XVI complex
A myosin complex containing a class XVI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XVI heavy chains contain ankyrin repeat.
PMID:11294886
UniProtKB:Q60597
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2).
See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
cellular_component
dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase complex
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
GO:0000141
ISBN:0879693649
A long bundle of actin filaments, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, found in cells.
actin cable (sensu Saccharomyces)
actin cable (sensu Fungi)
actin cable
cellular_component
PMID:15889139
A complex containing a RecQ family helicase and a topoisomerase III homologue; may also include one or more additional proteins; conserved from E. coli to human.
cellular_component
RecQ helicase-Topo III complex
Sgs1-Top3 complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex that degrades mitotic cyclins and anaphase inhibitory protein, thereby triggering sister chromatid separation and exit from mitosis. Substrate recognition by APC occurs through degradation signals, the most common of which is termed the Dbox degradation motif, originally discovered in cyclin B.
PMID:10611969
PMID:10465783
GOC:jh
cellular_component
cyclosome
APC
anaphase promoting complex
anaphase-promoting complex
type II protein (Sec) secretion system complex
cellular_component
type II protein secretion system complex
The enlarged, fluid filled nucleus of a primary oocyte, the development of which is suspended in prophase I of the first meiotic division between embryohood and sexual maturity.
cellular_component
germinal vesicle
box H/ACA snoRNP complex
A ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nucleolar RNA of the box H/ACA type.
ISBN:0879695897
cellular_component
cellular_component
A specialized region of connection between two cells or between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
cell junction
PMID:8676489
Antigenically dense structures located at the periphery of nuclei, close to but not abutting nuclear membranes. Assemblons contain the proteins for immature-capsid assembly; they are located at the periphery of a diffuse structure composed of proteins involved in DNA synthesis, which overlaps only minimally with the assemblons. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
cellular_component
assemblon
cellular_component
sarcomere
The repeating unit of a myofibril in a muscle cell, composed of an array of overlapping thick and thin filaments between two adjacent Z discs.
CPSF complex
CPF complex
A multisubunit complex that binds to the canonical AAUAAA hexamer and to U-rich upstream sequence elements on the pre-mRNA, thereby stimulating the otherwise weakly active and nonspecific polymerase to elongate efficiently RNAs containing a poly(A) signal.
PMID:14749727
cleavage and polyadenylylation specificity factor activity
CFII complex
mRNA cleavage and polyadenylation specificity factor complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
anchored to external side of plasma membrane
Tethered to the plasma membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm. When used to describe a protein, indicates that the peptide sequence does not span the membrane.
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
P5 peroxisome
peroxisome vesicle
PMID:10629216
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P5 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
cellular_component
cellular_component
casein kinase II complex
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. One function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'casein kinase II ; GO:0004682'.
PMID:10994779
EC:2.7.1.37
Complex that possesses casein kinase activity, found in nearly every subcellular compartment. Protein kinase CK2 complexes are usually tetramers of two alpha and two beta subunits, and can phosphorylate many protein substrates in addition to casein.
protein kinase CK2 complex
A complex that catalyzes the deneddylation of proteins, including the cullin component of SCF ubiquitin E3 ligase; deneddylation increases the activity of cullin family ubiquitin ligases. The signalosome is involved in many regulatory process, including some which control development, in many species; also regulates photomorphogenesis in plants; in many species its subunits are highly similar to those of the proteasome.
PMID:14570571
PMID:12186635
PMID:11019806
CSN
signalosome complex
cellular_component
COP9 complex
Any of the spindle microtubules that radiate in all directions from the spindle poles and are thought to contribute to the forces that separate the poles and position them in relation to the rest of the cell.
astral microtubule
cellular_component
A complex composed of RNA of the small cytoplasmic RNA (scRNA) class and protein, found in the cytoplasm.
small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complex
cellular_component
small cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein
scRNP
photosystem I
Photosystem that functions as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
cellular_component
cellular_component
plastid membrane
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround a plastid and form the plastid envelope.
A cell junction at which the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane is attached to actin filaments.
cellular_component
adherens junction
cellular_component
lamellipodium membrane
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a lamellipodium.
Globular portion of the radial spoke that projects towards the central pair of microtubules.
radial spoke stalk
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it already exists. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta) ; GO:0009928'.
cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta)
cellular_component
cellular_component
signal-recognition-particle GTPase activity
signal recognition particle (sensu Eukaryota)
GO:0005855
SRP
signal sequence receptor complex
A ribonucleoprotein particle of 325 kDa composed of a 7S (300 nucleotide) RNA molecule and a complex of six different polypeptides. This binds both to the N-terminal signal peptide for proteins destined for the endoplasmic reticulum as they emerge from the large ribosomal subunit and also to the ribosome. This binding arrests further translation thereby preventing the proteins from being released into the cytosol. The SRP-ribosome complex then diffuses to the endoplasmic reticulum where it is bound to the signal recognition particle receptor, which allows resumption of protein synthesis and facilitates the passage of the growing polypeptide chain through the translocon. Through a process involving GTP hydrolysis, the SRP-SRP receptor complex dissociates and SRP returns to the cytosol. Of the six polypeptides of SRP the 54 kDa subunit (SRP54) is the central player. It contains an N-terminal GTPase domain and a C-terminal domain that binds directly to the signal peptide and the SRP RNA. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
network-forming collagen
Any collagen polymer in which collagen triple helices associate to form sheet-like networks.
sheet-forming collagen
PMID:9323134
PMID:9323123
A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha and beta-subunits and any protein which has a nuclear localization sequence (NLS). The complex acts to import proteins with an NLS into the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
cellular_component
NLS-dependent protein nuclear import complex
OBSOLETE. The coat of coated vesicles, coated pits and synaptic vesicles, a polyhedral lattice of subunits; each subunit, or clathrin triskelion, consists of three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains.
This term was made obsolete because it was defined incorrectly. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'clathrin coat ; GO:0030118'.
clathrin coat
cellular_component
Sec complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
A transmembrane protein complex involved in the translocation of proteins across the cytoplasmic membrane. In Gram-negative bacteria, Sec-translocated proteins are subsequently secreted via the type I, II, IV, or V secretion systems. Sec complex components include SecA,D,E,F,G,Y and YajC. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
PMID:15223057
gamma-tubulin small complex
PMID:12134075
PMID:11297925
A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules and two conserved non-tubulin proteins. Some gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex.
gammaTuSC
cellular_component
cellular_component
minor (U12-dependent) spliceosome complex
minor spliceosome
AT-AC spliceosome
PMID:11971955
PMID:11574683
The minor (U12-dependent) spliceosome is composed of the snRNPs, U11, U12, U4atac, U6atac, and U5 (which is also a component of the major spliceosome). This minor form of the spliceosome is responsible for the splicing of the majority of introns with atypical AT-AC terminal dinucleotides, as well as other non-canonical introns. The entire splice site signal, not just the terminal dinucleotides, is involved in determining which spliceosome utilizes the site.
cellular_component
A multiprotein transcriptional mediator complex that interacts with the carboxy-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II and is essential for transcription of most protein-coding genes. The Saccharomyces complex contains a core of core complex consists of 16 polypeptides: Srb2, -4, -5, -6, and -7, Med1, -2, -4, -6, -7, and -8, Gal11, Sin4, Rgr1, Rox3, and Pgd1 proteins; mammalian Srb-mediator complexes include homologs of yeast Srb and Med proteins.
PMID:9396788
Srb-mediator complex
cellular_component
Cytoplasm situated near, or occurring around, the nucleus.
Note that this term should not be confused with the cellular component term 'nuclear membrane lumen ; GO:0005641', which has the synonym 'perinuclear space'.
perinuclear region
peroxisomal membrane transporter
cellular_component
peroxisomal fatty acyl transporter
peroxisome receptor
GO:0019818
peroxisome vesicle
A small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
peroxisome
NEF1 complex
cellular_component
nucleotide-excision repair factor 1 complex
Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and endodeoxynuclease activities.
plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic annulus
plasmodesmatal cytoplasmic sleeve
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:7615509
PMID:1846444
GOC:sgd_curators
A multi subunit protease complex located in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane that cleaves the signal sequence from precursor proteins following their transport out of the cytoplasmic space.
signal peptidase complex
Nebenkern
A product of the fusion of the mitochondria during spermatogenesis. After the completion of meiosis the mitochondria of the spermatid collect along side the nucleus and fuse into two masses; these wrap around each other to produce the spherical Nebenkern. During flagellum elongation the Nebenkern unfolds and the two derivatives (major and minor mitochondrial derivatives) elongate down the axoneme.
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
smooth ER lumen
smooth endoplasmic reticulum lumen
cellular_component
nucleolus organizer complex
nucleolus organiser complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
A protein or protein-RNA complex that localizes
to one or more of the sex chromosome(s), where it acts to normalize transcription between different sexes.
dosage compensation complex
EC:1.4.1.13
A complex that possesses glutamate synthase (NADPH) activity.
glutamate synthase complex (NADPH)
cellular_component
elastin
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, use the molecular function term 'extracellular matrix constituent conferring elasticity ; GO:0030023'.
cellular_component
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIV) chains; type XIV collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
cellular_component
collagen type XIV
cellular_component
A multisubunit iron flavoprotein, which in yeast is composed of 2 alpha and 2 beta subunits. Catalyses the reduction of hydrogen sulfide to sulfide.
BRENDA:1.8.1.2
sulphite reductase complex (NADPH)
sulfite reductase complex (NADPH)
See also the molecular function term 'sulfite reductase (NADPH) activity ; GO:0004783'.
spectrosome
A germline specific spherical organelle, rich in membrane skeletal proteins. Precursor to the fusome.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is out of date. It seems to be referring to the non-integrin 34/67kDa laminin receptor, which new research has shown to actually be a ribosomal protein of the SP2 family. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'integrin complex ; GO:0008305'.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
laminin receptor protein
A series of membrane-linked oxidation-reduction reactions in which electrons are transferred from an initial electron donor through a series of intermediates to a final electron acceptor (usually oxygen).
photosynthetic electron transport chain
cellular_component
proplastid
cellular_component
The precursor of other plastids.
A sub-structure within the large single mitochondrion of kinetoplastid parasites and which is closely associated with the flagellar pocket and basal body of the flagellum.
cellular_component
kinetoplast
cellular_component
A multisubunit complex, which caps one or both ends of the proteasome core complex. This complex recognizes, unfolds ubiquitinated proteins and translocates them to the proteasome core complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
PA700 proteasome activator
19S regulatory particle
proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Eukaryota)
EC:3.1.11.5
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage (in the presence of ATP) in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield 5'-phosphooligonucleotides. Exodeoxyribonuclease V shows a preference for double-stranded DNA and possesses DNA-dependent ATPase activity. It acts endonucleolytically on single-stranded circular DNA.
exodeoxyribonuclease V complex
cellular_component
PMID:10682349
A large (200-800 kDa) multiprotein complex formed by 70-kDa and 5-kDa myrosinases, myrosinase- binding proteins (MBPs), MBP-related proteins and myrosinase-associated proteins. The complex has been identified in Brassica napus seeds.
myrosinase complex
thioglucosidase complex
cellular_component
Note that this term should not be confused with 'exosome' used in the context of vesicles released from multivesicular bodies.
exosome (RNase complex)
PMID:10465791
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane, consisting of at least two subunits, involved in processing of both nuclear- and mitochondrially-encoded proteins targeted to the intermembrane space.
PMID:12191769
PMID:10821182
IMP
mitochondrial inner membrane peptidase complex
spindle
cellular_component
The array of microtubules and associated molecules that forms between opposite poles of a eukaryotic cell during mitosis or meiosis and serves to move the duplicated chromosomes apart.
cellular_component
A dense band of microtubules, 1-3 pm wide, that appears just beneath the cell membrane before the start of cell division in the cells of higher plants. It precedes the onset of prophase and then disappears as mitosis begins, yet it somehow determines the plane of orientation of the new cell plate forming in late telophase and marks the zone of the parental cell wall where fusion with the growing cell plate ultimately occurs.
preprophase band
PMID:11842180
A heterotrimeric enzyme complex composed of three subunits, all of which are required for enzyme activity, which catalyzes the chelation of Mg by proto IX in an ATP-dependent manner.
magnesium chelatase complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
axonemal dynein intermediate light chain
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'axonemal dynein complex ; GO:0005858'.
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell.
synapse part
cellular_component
germ tube septin cap
cellular_component
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes of fungal cells growing filamentiously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
triad junction
junctional membrane complex
cellular_component
Complex formed in muscle cells between the membrane of the sarcoplasmic reticulum and invaginations of the plasma membrane (T-tubules).
PMID:11535622
cellular_component
ISBN:0598034692
A proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria; range from 2-8 nm in diameter.
fimbriae
pilus
fimbria
fimbrium
cellular_component
plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase V1 domain
Citrate lyase is a multienzyme complex with three constituents: the alpha subunit, citrate-ACP transferase; the beta subunit, citryl-ACP lyase; and the gamma subunit, an acyl-carrier protein which also carries the prosthetic group components. All three subunits are required for citrate lyase enzyme activity.
MetaCyc:ACECITLY-CPLX
EC:4.1.3.6
citrate lyase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
GO:0005679
Any complex that mediates dynamic changes in eukaryotic chromatin.
chromatin remodeling complex
nucleosome remodeling complex
chromatin remodelling complex
The membrane surrounding a chromoplast.
chromoplast membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
Located in the periplasmic space and loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
Coiled microtubules within both the polar and basal rings of the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite.
conoid
cellular_component
nicotinic acetylcholine-gated receptor-channel complex
cellular_component
nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
tRNA-intron endonuclease complex
EC:3.1.27.9
A complex that catalyses the endonucleolytic cleavage of pre-tRNA, producing 5'-hydroxyl and 2',3'-cyclic phosphate termini, and specifically removing the intron.
cellular_component
PMID:10754561
A structure found most metazoan nucleoli, but not usually found in lower eukaryotes; surrounded by the dense fibrillar component; the zone of transcription from multiple copies of the pre-rRNA genes is in the border region between these two structures.
fibrillar centre
fibrillar center
cellular_component
cellular_component
ISBN:0198599323
Complex of peripheral cytoplasmic proteins (alpha-, beta- and gamma-catenin) that interact with the cytoplasmic region of uvomorulin/E-cadherin to connect it to the actin cytoskeleton.
catenin complex
The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane.
thylakoid lumen
cellular_component
katanin complex
cellular_component
Consider also annotating to the molecular function term 'microtubule-severing ATPase activity ; GO:0008568'.
PMID:10910766
A complex possessing an activity that couples ATP hydrolysis to the severing of microtubules; usually a heterodimer comprising a catalytic subunit (often 60kDa) and a regulatory subunit (often 80 kDa).
snRNP U1
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U1; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
cellular_component
rhoptry
The tubular or sacular organelle of an apical complex.
cellular_component
oligosaccharyl transferase complex
cellular_component
OST complex
A multisubunit protein complex in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of eukaryotes that transfers lipid-linked oligosaccharide precursor to asparagine residues on nascent proteins; includes at least nine different subunits, at least in yeast.
ISBN:0879695595
The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Bacteria)
A protein complex that binds interleukin-28 and interleukin-29. Composed of two subunits, IL-28R alpha and IL-10R beta.
UniProtKB:rh
cellular_component
interleukin-28 receptor complex
cellular_component
nuclear proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
cellular_component
muscle thin filament tropomyosin
An isoform of tropomyosin found associated with actin and the troponin complex in muscle thin filaments.
ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
PMID:9680965
Complex that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity. In all organisms where it has been found, the complex is a tetramer. In bacteria, it is a homotetramer. In plants, the complex is a heterotetramer composed small and large subunits.
cellular_component
importin, alpha-subunit
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
karyopherin-alpha
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a late endosome.
late endosome lumen
cellular_component
membrane-enclosed lumen
cellular_component
The enclosed volume within a sealed membrane or between two sealed membranes.
See also the molecular function term 'cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity ; GO:0008827'.
cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase complex
UniProtKB:P0ABJ3
A bacterial heterooctameric enzyme composed of two A chains, two B chains, two C chains and two D chains. Possesses cytochrome o ubiquinol oxidase activity.
cellular_component
miRNP complex
A complex containing both protein and micro-RNA (miRNA) molecules. miRNAs are approximately 22 nucleotide noncoding RNAs derived from endogenous genes; they are processed from the stem of a longer hairpin like structure termed a pre-miRNA.
PMID:14559182
micro-ribonucleoprotein complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
respiratory chain
mitochondrial electron transport chain
The protein complexes that form the mitochondrial electron transport system (the respiratory chain). Complexes I, III and IV can transport protons if embedded in an oriented membrane, such as an intact mitochondrial inner membrane.
cohesin core heterodimer
cellular_component
Smc1-Smc3 complex
9S cohesin
The core heterodimer of a cohesin complex; a structure required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes.
plasmid binding
Circular DNA structures that are not part of a chromosome.
cellular_component
extrachromosomal circular DNA
kinetochore motor activity
kinetochore
A multisubunit complex that is located at the pericentric region of DNA and provides an attachment point for the spindle microtubules.
cellular_component
isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+) (sensu Bacteria)
Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cellular_component
integral to plastid membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
An enzyme complex containing a molybdenum-iron cluster found in many species. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the molybdenum-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
EC:1.18.6.1
molybdenum-iron nitrogenase complex
molybdenum-iron nitrogenase activity
cellular_component
murein sacculus
This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria) ; GO:0009276'.
OBSOLETE. A structure formed of the cross-linked polymer peptidoglycan (also called murein) that forms a covalently closed net around a bacterial cell, and imparts structural stability to the bacterial cell wall.
PMID:9529891
cellular_component
peptidoglycan layer
InterPro:SO
A homodimeric, bifunctional enzyme complex which catalyzes the synthesis and degradation of fructose 2,6-bisphosphate, and is required for both glycolysis and gluconeogenesis.
cellular_component
6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 1 complex
bursicon neuropeptide hormone complex
FB:rc
A neuropeptide hormone secreted by the central nervous system of insects that stimulates the tanning and sclerotization of the adult cuticle following eclosion. The active hormone consists of an obligate heterodimer of the alpha and beta subunits.
cellular_component
platelet dense granule
cellular_component
platelet dense body
bull's eye body
PMID:10403682
http://www.mercksource.com/
Electron-dense granule occurring in blood platelets that stores and secretes adenosine nucleotides and serotonin. Contain a highly condensed core consisting of serotonin, calcium, ATP, ADP, pyrophosphate and membrane lysosomal proteins.
extracellular matrix
A structure lying external to one or more cells, which provides structural support for cells or tissues; may be completely external to the cell (as in animals) or be part of the cell (as in plants).
cellular_component
cellular_component
minus-end kinesin complex
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the minus end of a microtubule.
mesophragma
M disc
midline
cellular_component
The midline of aligned thick filaments in a sarcomere; location of specific proteins that link adjacent thick filaments to each other.
M line
myosin phosphatase complex
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of the phosphate group from phosphomyosin.
EC:3.1.3.16
cellular_component
dense fibrillar component
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains newly synthesized preribosomal RNA (pre-rRNA) and a collection of proteins.
Note that proteins intrinsic to membranes cannot be removed without disrupting the membrane, e.g. by detergent.
cellular_component
intrinsic to membrane
Located in a membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other conserved non-tubulin proteins. Complex size is heterogenous but is around 2000kDa (or greater than 20S) and is comparable to the vertebrate gamma-tubulin large complex. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Schizosaccharomyces (Schizosaccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4895).
cellular_component
gamma-tubulin large complex (sensu Schizosaccharomyces)
PMID:11361342
A stretch of densely packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, visible as a morphologically distinct band.
polytene chromosome band
cellular_component
cellular_component
A multisubunit hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase. F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1), the catalytic core, and CF(0), the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits, alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), and epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits, a, b and c. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
UniProtKB:P25965
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Bacteria)
PMID:9564032
A large complex present on the cis-Golgi that acts prior to SNARE complex assembly to mediate vesicle docking and fusion.
TRAPP complex
transport protein particle
cellular_component
cellular_component
Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
activin B complex
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta-B subunits (sometimes known as activin beta-B or activin/inhibin beta-B).
cellular_component
PMID:12655293
PMID:12628743
A protein complex formed by the association of signaling proteins with a death receptor upon ligand binding. The complex includes procaspases and death domain-containing proteins in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
death-inducing signaling complex
DISC
death-inducing signalling complex
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide) (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA in eukaryotes; includes subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains more subunits than its bacterial counterpart; for example, one known complex contains 30 E1 dimers, 60 E2 monomers, and 6 E3 dimers as well as a few copies of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase and pyruvate dehydrogenase phosphatase. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
cellular_component
phenylalanine-tRNA ligase complex
EC:6.1.1.20
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of phenylalanine to tRNA(Phe), forming L-phenylalanyl-tRNA(Phe).
An enzyme complex which in humans and yeast consists of at least five proteins; for example, the complex contains GAA1, GPI8, PIG-S, PIG-U, and PIG-T in human, and Gaa1p, Gab1p, Gpi8p, Gpi16p, and Gpi17p in yeast. Catalyzes the posttranslational attachment of the carboxyl-terminus of a precursor protein to a GPI-anchor.
PMID:12802054
GPI-anchor transamidase complex
cellular_component
GPIT complex
Note that this term should not be confused with 'glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex ; GO:0000506', which represents a distinct complex with a different catalytic activity.
cellular_component
A vesicle that mediates transport from the Golgi to the endoplasmic reticulum.
Golgi to ER transport vesicle
Golgi-ER transport vesicle
Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle
auxin efflux carrier complex
cellular_component
PMID:9843496
The protein complex associated with the plasma membrane of certain plant cells (e.g. root cortex, epidermal cells) that functions to transport auxin out of the cell.
cellular_component
central vacuole
http://www.wikipedia.org/
A membrane-enclosed sac that takes up most of the volume of a mature plant cell. Functions include storage, separation of toxic byproducts, and cell growth determination.
cellular_component
ISBN:0135712254
OBSOLETE. The peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria.
cell wall inner membrane
This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria) ; GO:0009276'.
The nucleus of the microsporocyte. The microsporocyte is a diploid cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores. A microspore is a spore that, in vascular plants, gives rise to a male gametophyte.
ISBN:047186840X
GOC:tair_curators
pollen mother cell nucleus
microspore mother cell nucleus
cellular_component
microsporocyte nucleus
Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in replicating the viral genome.
ISBN:0781718325
cellular_component
viral replication complex
proliferating cell nuclear antigen complex
A protein complex composed of three identical PCNA monomers, each comprising two similar domains, which are joined in a head-to-tail arrangement to form a homotrimer. Forms a ring-like structure in solution, with a central hole sufficiently large to accommodate the double helix of DNA. Originally characterized as a DNA sliding clamp for replicative DNA polymerases and as an essential component of the replisome, and has also been shown to be involved in other processes including Okazaki fragment processing, DNA repair, translesion DNA synthesis, DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling and cell cycle regulation.
PMID:12829735
cellular_component
PCNA complex
cellular_component
PMID:9529603
A protein complex that includes a ubiquitin-protein ligase (E3) and other proteins that may confer substrate specificity on the complex.
ubiquitin ligase complex
cullin-RING ligase
cullin complex
CRL complex
cullin-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
Any ubiquitin ligase complex in which the catalytic core consists of a member of the cullin family and a RING domain protein; the core is associated with one or more additional proteins that confer substrate specificity.
PMID:15688063
PMID:15571813
cellular_component
The complex that catalyzes the transfer of a glucose moiety from UDP-glucose to a 1,3-beta-D-glucan chain.
EC:2.4.1.34
cellular_component
1,3-beta-glucan synthase complex
cellular_component
nascent polypeptide-associated complex
NACA
NAC
PMID:7568149
PMID:12475173
A heterodimeric protein complex that can reversibly bind to ribosomes, and is located in direct proximity to newly synthesized polypeptide chains as they emerge from the ribosome.
The specialized microvillar organelle on the apical surfaces of a photoreceptor cell containing the visual pigment rhodopsin and most of the proteins involved in phototransduction.
PMID:8646774
rhabdomere
cellular_component
cellular_component
photosystem II antenna complex
The antenna complex of photosystem II. A photosystem has two closely linked components, an antenna containing light-absorbing pigments and a reaction center. Each antenna contains one or more light-harvesting complexes (LHCs).
hydrogenosome membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a hydrogenosome.
hydrogenosomal membrane
cellular_component
myosin IX complex
A myosin complex containing a class IX myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin IX is monomeric with a motor domain containing an N-terminal extension and an insert in the actin binding interface, followed by four to six IQ motifs and a tail region that contains a zinc binding motif and a domain with homology to GTPase activating proteins (GAPs) of the Rho family of G-proteins.
cellular_component
A region of a sarcomere that appears as a light band on each side of the Z line, comprising a region of the sarcomere where thin (actin) filaments are not overlapped by thick (myosin) filaments; contains actin, troponin, and tropomyosin; each sarcomere includes half of an I band at each end.
cellular_component
J disc
isotropic disc
I disc
I band
One of the photochemical systems containing photosynthetic and accessory pigments and electron carriers that operate in sequence to perform the two light reactions of photosynthesis.
photosystem
cellular_component
Sec complex-associated translocon complex
PMID:14617809
PMID:12518317
A translocon complex physically associated with a Sec complex.
cellular_component
An invagination of the cell membrane formed by an actin dependent process during phagocytosis. Following internalization it is converted into a phagosome.
PMID:10358769
cellular_component
phagocytic cup
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
OBSOLETE. A type of intermediate filament.
type II intermediate filament
basic/neutral keratin
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'keratin filament ; GO:0045095'.
cellular_component
N-methyl-D-aspartate selective glutamate receptor complex
http://www.bris.ac.uk/Depts/Synaptic/info/glutamate.html
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the centre of the receptor complex. NMDA receptors are composed of assemblies of NR1 subunits (Figure 3) and NR2 subunits, which can be one of four separate gene products (NR2A-D). Expression of both subunits are required to form functional channels. The glutamate binding domain is formed at the junction of NR1 and NR2 subunits. NMDA receptors are permeable to calcium ions as well as being permeable to other ions. Thus NMDA receptor activation leads to a calcium influx into the post-synaptic cells, a signal thought to be crucial for the induction of NMDA-receptor dependent LTP and LTD.
NMDA-selective glutamate receptor
cellular_component
varicosity
Non-terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
cellular_component
interstitial matrix
spitzenkorper
cellular_component
PMID:15976451
PMID:15701784
Structure within the hyphal tip of filamentous fungi that acts as an organizing center for hyphal tip growth; may function to supply vesicles to the elongating tip and/or to organize cytoskeletal microfilaments.
PMID:14614842
A pentameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and has roles in telomere length regulation and other aspects of genome stability. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Elg1p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
RFC (Elg1)
Elg1-RLC
Elg1-RFC
Elg1 RFC-like complex
cellular_component
A multimeric complex that is able to catalyze the addition of methyl groups to histone proteins.
histone methyltransferase complex
cellular_component
The Golgi cisterna farthest from the endoplasmic reticulum; the final processing compartment through which proteins pass before exiting the Golgi apparatus; the compartment in which N-linked protein glycosylation is completed.
cellular_component
Golgi trans cisterna
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring outside the cell. Includes, for example, extracellular membrane vesicles (EMVs) and the cellulosomes of anaerobic bacteria and fungi.
PMID:9914479
extracellular organelle
cellular_component
A clathrin coat found on a vesicle of the trans-Golgi network.
clathrin coat of trans-Golgi network vesicle
cellular_component
clathrin coat of TGN vesicle
plastid acetate CoA-transferase complex
cellular_component
An acetate CoA-transferase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
smooth microsome
cellular_component
Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum and plasma membranes without any adhering ribosomes.
A thin sheetlike process extended by the leading edge of a crawling fibroblast; contains a dense meshwork of actin filaments.
cellular_component
lamellipodium
See also the molecular function term 'alkyl hydroperoxide reductase activity ; GO:0008785'.
UniProtKB:P0A0B5
BRENDA:1.11.1.15
An enzyme complex, usually a homodimer, which directly reduces cellular levels of organic hydroperoxides.
cellular_component
alkyl hydroperoxide reductase complex
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of microtubules and associated proteins.
ISBN:0395825172
cellular_component
microtubule cytoskeleton
A multisubunit histone deacetylase complex that is involved in intragenic transcription repression through histone deacetylation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Rco1p and Eaf3.
PMID:16286008
PMID:16286007
Rpd3S complex
cellular_component
Rpd3C(S)
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a plastid, a member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
plastid part
FACT complex
cellular_component
Facilitates chromatin transcription complex
GOC:expert_tf
PMID:12934007
GOC:expert_ras
GOC:expert_ks
PMID:12934006
An abundant nuclear complex, which was originally identified in mammalian systems as a factor required for transcription elongation on chromatin templates. The FACT complex has been shown to destablilize the interaction between the H2A/H2B dimer and the H3/H4 tetramer of the nucleosome, thus reorganizing the structure of the nucleosome. In this way, the FACT complex may play a role in DNA replication and other processes that traverse the chromatin, as well as in transcription elongation. FACT is composed of two proteins that are evolutionarily conserved in all eukaryotes and homologous to mammalian Spt16 and SSRP1. In metazoans, the SSRP1 homolog contains an HMG domain; however in fungi and protists, it does not. For example, in S. cerevisiae the Pob3 protein is homologous to SSRP1, but lacks the HMG chromatin binding domain. Instead, the yFACT complex of Spt16p and Pob3p, binds to nucleosomes where multiple copies of the HMG-domain containing protein Nhp6p have already bound, but Nhp6p does not form a stable complex with the Spt16p/Pob3p heterodimer.
PMID:16678108
periplasmic space
periplasmic space (sensu Fungi)
The region between the plasma membrane and the cell wall. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
cellular_component
photosystem II reaction centre
An integral membrane complex containing P680, the chlorophyll a molecule that functions as a primary electron donor. In the light, functioning as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from water to plastoquinone.
cellular_component
photosystem II reaction center
Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane
secretory granule membrane
cellular_component
secretory vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a secretory granule.
DSC1 transcription factor complex
Mlu1-box binding factor
A complex of two or three proteins that binds to the Mlu1 cell cycle box (MCB) promoter element and is involved in cell cycle-dependent regulation of transcription. In Saccharomyces the complex consists of Mbp1p and Swi6p; in Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Res1p, Res2p, and Cdc10p.
PMID:9343385
MBF
MBF transcription complex
cellular_component
MHC class Ib protein complex
cellular_component
PMID:15928678
ISBN:0781735149
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class Ib alpha chain and, in most cases, an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide or lipid antigen. Class Ib here refers to non-classical class I molecules, such as those of the CD1 or HLA-E gene families.
prefoldin complex
UniProtKB:O15212
A multisubunit chaperone that acts to delivers unfolded proteins to cytosolic chaperonin. In humans, the complex is a heterohexamer of two PFD-alpha and four PFD-beta type subunits.
GIM complex
cellular_component
Cul3-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
BCR3 complex
SCF3 complex
CRL3 complex
CDL3 complex
cullin-RING ligase 3
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul3 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a BTB-domain-containing protein.
cellular_component
BC3B complex
A protein complex, formed of one or more myosin heavy chains plus associated light chains and other proteins, that functions as a molecular motor; uses the energy of ATP hydrolysis to move actin filaments or to move vesicles or other cargo on fixed actin filaments; has magnesium-ATPase activity and binds actin. Myosin classes are distinguished based on sequence features of the motor, or head, domain, but also have distinct tail regions that are believed to bind specific cargoes.
ISBN:96235764
cellular_component
myosin complex
A multimeric protein complex involved in the methylation of specific nucleotides in tRNA.
tRNA methyltransferase complex
cellular_component
antipodal cell nucleus
cellular_component
The nucleus of an antipodal cell, one of three cells of the embryo sac in angiosperms, found at the chalazal end of the embryo away from the point of entry of the pollen tube, and its descendents.
UniProtKB:P13984
A general transcription initiation factor which in humans consists of a heterodimer of an alpha and a beta subunit. Helps recruit RNA polymerase II to the initiation complex and promotes translation elongation.
transcription factor TFIIF complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
A leucoplast in which protein is stored.
proteinoplast
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the vacuolar membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
integral to vacuolar membrane
peroxisome integral membrane receptor
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a peroxisome.
peroxisomal membrane
protein body
cellular_component
Membrane-bound plant organelle found in the developing endosperm, contains storage proteins.
PMID:7704047
cellular_component
ISBN:0879693568
The second outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
chitosan layer of spore wall
Note that this term is a child of 'extracellular matrix part ; GO:0044420' rather than the more specific 'extracellular matrix (sensu Magnoliophyta) ; GO:0048196', because unlike the usual plant cell wall, the pollen wall does not contain a middle lamella, as specified in the definition of 'extracellular matrix (sensu Magnoliophyta) ; GO:0048196'.
cellular_component
The complex wall surrounding a pollen grain.
UMSL:fz
micrsopore wall
pollen wall
cellular_component
phragmoplast
Fibrous structure (light microscope view) that arises between the daughter nuclei at telophase and within which the initial partition (cell plate), dividing the mother cell in two (cytokinesis), is formed. Appears at first as a spindle connected to the two nuclei, but later spreads laterally in the form of a ring. Consists of microtubules.
This term was made obsolete because it was positioned incorrectly, so the replacement term has a definition different from what this term appeared to mean. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'membrane coat adaptor complex ; GO:0030119'.
cellular_component
adaptin
clathrin adaptor
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
sexine 2
cellular_component
The layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella, granules or other infratectal elements.
tectum
HslUV protease complex
cellular_component
acidic keratin
OBSOLETE. A type of intermediate filament.
type I intermediate filament
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'keratin filament ; GO:0045095'.
cellular_component
exportin
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
A diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars that run parallel to the long axis of the cell. This type of septin structure has been observed in a number of locations associated with polarized grown and/or deposition of new membrane, but not with cytokinesis, such as at the shmoo (mating projection) neck, at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
septin band
cellular_component
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U2; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
cellular_component
snRNP U2
proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Bacteria)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Bacteria)
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cellular_component
periplasmic space
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) and outer membrane (Gram-negative bacteria) or inner membrane and cell wall (fungi).
periplasm
Vacuole formed by the fusion of a lysosome with an organelle (autosome) or with a primary phagosome.
secondary lysosome
cellular_component
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing a class III myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin III is monomeric myosin that serves as a link between the cytoskeleton and the signaling complex involved in phototransduction, and differs from all other myosins in having an N-terminal kinase domain.
myosin III complex
nuclear exosome (RNase complex)
cellular_component
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the nucleus.
MHC class I protein complex
cellular_component
A transmembrane protein complex composed of a MHC class I alpha chain and an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide antigen. Class I here refers to classical class I molecules.
ISBN:0120781859
See also the cellular component term 'MHC class I peptide loading complex ; GO:0042824'.
lysosome
cellular_component
lysosomal protein stabilization
lysosomal cysteine-type endopeptidase
Any of a group of related cytoplasmic, membrane bound organelles that are found in most animal cells and that contain a variety of hydrolases, most of which have their maximal activities in the pH range 5-6. The contained enzymes display latency if properly isolated. About 40 different lysosomal hydrolases are known and lysosomes have a great variety of morphologies and functions.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
cellular_component
intracellular non-membrane-bound organelle
micropexophagy-specific membrane apparatus
cellular_component
PMID:15563611
A membrane-bound flattened sac that is formed during micropexophagy between the membrane tips of an engulfing vacuole, completing the engulfment and sequestration of peroxisomes from the cytosol, and forming a micropexophagic body within the lumen of the vacuole.
MIPA
micropexophagic apparatus
nexin complex
cellular_component
A protein complex found in the axoneme of eukaryotic cilia and flagella. It forms interconnections between the microtubule outer doublets that surround the inner central pair of microtubules.
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
cellular_component
clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle
clathrin-coated phagosome
cellular_component
NAD(P)+ transhydrogenase complex (AB-specific)
cellular_component
remodeling and spacing factor complex
RSF complex
PMID:12972596
A chromatin remodeling complex that mediates nucleosome deposition and generates regularly spaced nucleosome arrays. In humans, the complex is composed of the ATPase hSNF2H and the HBXAP protein (RSF-1).
PMID:9255069
A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic Class IB phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2] and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. Class IB PI3Ks are stimulated by G-proteins and do not interact with the SH2-domain containing adaptors that bind to Class IA PI3Ks.
class IB PI3K complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IB
cellular_component
nuclear RNA export factor complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:Q9U1H9
A complex of NXF1 and NXF2 required for the export of the majority of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm; localized in the nucleoplasm and at both the nucleoplasmic and cytoplasmic faces of the nuclear pore complex; shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
sulfate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
sulphate adenylyltransferase complex (ATP)
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation adenylylsulfate from sulfate and ATP.
EC:2.7.7.4
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the molecular function term 'Ran GTPase binding ; GO:0008536' and consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
RAN-binding protein
Located in the chloroplast outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
intrinsic to chloroplast outer membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
flagellar basal body, proximal rod (sensu Bacteria)
The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is proximal to the cell membrane; proximal rod connects the distal rod to the flagellar motor. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
PMID:12624192
PMID:11133968
PMID:10572114
MTOC component
microtubule organizing centre component
microtubule organizing center part
Any constituent part of a microtubule organizing center, a region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
cellular_component
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term 'guanylate cyclase activity ; GO:0004383'.
Complex that possesses guanylate cyclase activity and is not bound to a membrane.
guanylate cyclase complex, soluble
meiotic septin complex
cellular_component
A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during meiotic cell division.
ecdysone receptor holocomplex
A heterodimeric complex containing the products of the insect genes Ecdysone receptor (EcR) and ultraspiracle (usp). Binding of ecdysone promotes association between the two subunits, and the receptor complex then initiates molting and metamorphosis by binding DNA and regulating the transcription of target genes.
PMID:14592980
cellular_component
axial element
cellular_component
A proteinaceous core found between sister chromatids during meiotic prophase.
lateral element
cellular_component
flagellar part
flagellum component
Any constituent part of a flagellum, a long whiplike or feathery structure borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
cellular_component
The contractile fiber of smooth muscle cells.
smooth muscle fibre
smooth muscle contractile fiber
smooth muscle fiber
hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
Complex composed of a V1 and a V0 domain to form an active V-type ATPase that functions as a proton pump.
See also the cellular component terms 'hydrogen-transporting ATPase V1 domain ; GO:0000221' and 'hydrogen-transporting ATPase V0 domain ; GO:0000220' and the molecular function term 'hydrogen-transporting ATPase activity, rotational mechanism ; GO:0046961'.
cellular_component
cellular_component
deep fiber
deep fibre
Inward projections of the cytoskeletal structures of the oral apparatus, which form a fiber that extends past the cytostome into the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
The core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome core complex
ISBN:0815316208
Cells contain one or several vacuoles, that may have different functions from each other. Vacuoles have a diverse array of functions. They can act as a storage organelle for nutrients or waste products, as a degradative compartment, as a cost-effective way of increasing cell size, and as a homeostatic regulator controlling both turgor pressure and pH of the cytosol. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
vacuole (sensu Magnoliophyta)
cellular_component
cellular_component
Any constituent part of the extracellular region, the space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers constituent parts of the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
extracellular region part
endospore coat
The layer in a bacterial endospore that lies under the exosporium, and is impermeable to many toxic molecules. The coat may also contain enzymes that are involved in endospore germination.
cellular_component
cellular_component
mitochondrial endopeptidase Clp complex
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the mitochondrion.
interphase chromosome
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromosome ; GO:0005694'.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during interphase of the cell cycle. Chromosomes are usually decondensed during interphase and each long DNA molecule in a chromosome is divided into a large number of discrete domains that are folded differently.
cellular_component
cell wall (sensu Magnoliophyta)
A more or less rigid membrane enclosing the protoplast of a cell and composed of cellulose and other organic and inorganic substances. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
cellular_component
GOC:sm
The side of the cell parallel to the zygotic axis. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
longitudinal side of cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta)
cellular_component
flagellar part (sensu Bacteria)
flagellum part (sensu Bacteria)
Any constituent part of flagellum, a 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by the transmembrane proton potential. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
plasmodesmatal plasma membrane
cellular_component
intracellular part
cellular_component
Any constituent part of the living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
organelle inner membrane
See also the cellular component term 'outer membrane ; GO:0019867'.
cellular_component
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope; usually highly selective to most ions and metabolites.
chromosome passenger complex
cellular_component
A eukaryotically conserved protein complex that localizes to kinetochores in early mitosis, the spindle mid-zone in anaphase B and to the telophase midbody. It has been proposed that the passenger comples coordinates various events based on its location to different structures during the course of mitosis. Complex members include the BIR-domain containing protein survivin, aurora kinase and INCENP.
PMID:16824200
GOC:vw
cellular_component
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Proteobacteria, Chloroflexaceae and Chlorobiaceae)
A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. As in, but not restricted to: the purple bacteria and relatives (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224), the filamentous anoxygenic phototrophic bacteria (Chloroflexaceae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1106), and the green sulfur bacteria (Chlorobiaceae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:191412).
RubisCO complex (sensu Proteobacteria)
cellular_component
Rpd3L complex
Rpd3C(L)
PMID:16314178
A multisubunit histone deacetylase complex that is involved in transcriptional regulation. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of Rpd3p, Sin3p, Ume1p, Pho23p, Sap30p, Sds3p, Cti6p, Rxt2p, Rxt3p, Dep1p, Ume6p and Ash1p.
cellular_component
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific protein complex and not a region of the chromosome.
nuclear telomere cap complex
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome in the nucleus that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
cellular_component
Located in the mitochondrial inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
intrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
coated vesicle membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a coated vesicle.
That part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
nucleoplasm
cellular_component
cellular_component
A viral genome composed of single stranded RNA of either positive or negative sense.
ssRNA viral genome
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily, a group of related proteins that contain an extended region of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil in the main chain that likely produces dimerization. The native complexes of several kinesin family members have also been shown to contain additional peptides, often designated light chains as all of the noncatalytic subunits that are currently known are smaller than the chain that contains the motor unit. Kinesin complexes generally possess a force-generating enzymatic activity, or motor, which converts the free energy of the gamma phosphate bond of ATP into mechanical work.
http://www.proweb.org/kinesin//KinesinStructure.html
http://www.proweb.org/kinesin//KinesinMotility.html
kinesin complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:11121744
Intracellular foci at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
inclusion body
caveolae
caveola
cellular_component
A small pit, depression, or invagination, such as any of the minute pits or incuppings of the cell membrane formed during pinocytosis, that communicates with the outside of a cell and extends inward, indenting the cytoplasm and the cell membrane. Such caveolae may be pinched off to form free vesicles within the cytoplasm.
The region of the flagellum where the hook and filament meet. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
flagellar hook-filament junction (sensu Bacteria)
cytosolic type I fatty acid synthase complex
cellular_component
A cytosolic fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain contains several different catalytic sites.
smooth ER
smooth endoplasmic reticulum
The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has with no ribosomes attached to it. The smooth is the recipient of the proteins synthesized in the rough ER. Those proteins to be exported are passed to the Golgi complex, the resident proteins are returned to the rough ER and the lysosomal proteins after phosphorylation of their mannose residues are passed to the lysosomes. Glycosylation of the glycoproteins also continues. The smooth ER is the site of synthesis of lipids, including the phospholipids. The membranes of the smooth ER also contain enzymes that catalyze a series of reactions to detoxify both lipid-soluble drugs and harmful products of metabolism. Large quantities of certain compounds such as phenobarbital cause an increase in the amount of the smooth ER.
cellular_component
Sec62/Sec63 complex
cellular_component
A protein complex involved in the posttranslational targeting of proteins to the ER. In yeast, it is a tetrameric complex consisting of Sec62p, Sec63p, Sec71p and Sec72p.
ER protein translocation subcomplex
The outer layer of the pollen grain wall which is composed primarily of sporopollenin.
Note that the exine is highly resistant to strong acids and bases.
exine
cellular_component
cellular_component
carboxysome
PMID:8491708
PMID:8157606
GOC:js
An organelle found in the Cyanobacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat and enzymes for the fixation of carbon dioxide including mechanisms for the concentration of carbonate to increase the efficiency of fixation under low-carbon dioxide conditions.
Note that in eukaryotes, aspartate carbamoyltransferase is usually a single polypeptide, not a complex, and should therefore not be annotated to this component term.
aspartate carbamoyltransferase complex
PMID:10447693
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the formation N-carbamoyl-L-aspartate from carbamoyl phosphate and L-aspartate. It exhibits a variety of architectural organizations, but in all microorganisms the core catalytic component is a homotrimer of approximately 34 kDa polypeptides.
cellular_component
centrosomal corona
An amorphous structure surrounding the core of the centrosome, from which microtubules are nucleated; contains gamma-tubulin.
GOC:kp
cellular_component
Note that the centrosomal corona has been observed in Dictyostelium, and is the functional equivalent of pericentriolar material.
PMID:11146276
An assembly of six molecules of connexin, made in the Golgi apparatus and subsequently transported to the plasma membrane, where docking of two connexons on apposed plasma membranes across the extracellular space forms a gap junction.
connexon complex
cellular_component
A tubular structure with flared ends, shaped like an hourglass and composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments, that forms at the bud neck of a dividing cell. In S. cerevisiae, this structure is located at the bud neck throughout most of the cell cycle and the septins are fixed within the structure, not exchanging with soluble septins. This septin structure acts as a scaffold for other proteins that function at the bud neck.
bud neck septin collar
cellular_component
commitment complex
PMID:9159080
The first portion of the spliceosome to assemble in mRNA splicing; in commitment complex formation the 5' and 3' splice sites are recognized by the U1 snRNP and the U2 snRNP auxiliary factor, respectively.
E complex
cellular_component
cell projection
A prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
http://www.cogsci.princeton.edu/~wn/
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'condensed nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000794'.
cellular_component
nuclear mitotic chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the nucleus during mitosis.
Small membrane-bounded organelle formed by pinching off of a coated region of membrane. Some coats are made of clathrin, whereas others are made from other proteins.
cellular_component
coated vesicle
cellular_component
Long whiplike or feathery structures borne either singly or in groups by the motile cells of many bacteria and unicellular eukaryotes and by the motile male gametes of many eukaryotic organisms, which propel the cell through a liquid medium.
UniProtKB:kwdictionary
http://haven.isb-sib.ch/spdocann//dicterms.txt
flagellum
GO:0008223
Note that process information is included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
nucleotide-excision repair complex
cellular_component
Any complex formed of proteins that act in nucleotide-excision repair.
plasmodesmatal desmotubule
cellular_component
A narrow cylindrical tubule that runs through the center of a plasmodesma connecting two cells. The latter appears to be continuous with elements of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane of the interconnected cells.
A heterodimeric receptor for the cytokine oncostatin-M (OSM). In humans the receptor complex is made up of the gene products gp130 and OSMR-beta.
PMID:8999038
oncostatin-M receptor complex
cellular_component
mating projection base
conjugation tube base
base of shmoo tip
cellular_component
The region where the mating projection meets the bulk of the cell, in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
shmoo
cellular_component
Filaments formed of polymers of a muscle-specific myosin II isoform, found in the middle of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
striated muscle thick filament
This term was made obsolete because a muscle fiber is a cell type rather than a cell component. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'contractile fiber ; GO:0043292'.
muscle fiber
cellular_component
muscle fibre
OBSOLETE. The contractile fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
perichromatin fibrils
cellular_component
PMID:14731598
Structures of variable diameter visible in the nucleoplasm by electron microscopy, mainly observed near the border of condensed chromatin. The fibrils are enriched in RNA, and are believed to be sites of pre-mRNA splicing and polyadenylylation representing the in situ form of nascent transcripts.
importin
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
karyopherin
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
nucleolar chromatin
The portion of nuclear chromatin associated with the nucleolus; includes the DNA encoding the ribosomal RNA.
cellular_component
cellular_component
pseudopodium membrane
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a pseudopodium.
The cell membrane with its associated infrastructure of microtubules, microfilaments and other organelles.
cellular_component
pellicle
delta DNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
delta-DNA polymerase complex
A multimeric DNA polymerase enzyme complex which differs in composition amongst species; in humans it is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa, while in S. cerevisiae, it has three different subunits which form a heterotrimer, and the active enzyme is a dimer of this heterotrimer. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
PMID:12403614
PMID:11205330
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
cellular_component
PMID:12900393
PMID:12892785
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport and functions downstream of ESCRT I complex. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and is required for the membrane recruitment of ESCRT III complex and binds to ubiquitinated cargoes.
ESCRT II complex
activin A complex
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a homodimer; GO cellular component terms must represent complexes containing more than one gene product.
inhibin beta-A
OBSOLETE. A homodimer of inhibin beta-A is termed 'activin A complex'. This protein complex is secreted.
The enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of succinate and ubiquinone to fumarate and ubiquinol; involved in aerobic respiration, repressed in anaerobic respiration.
succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
cellular_component
P2 peroxisome
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P2 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they are the least dense of the subforms observed.
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
cellular_component
peroxisome vesicle
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of a growing fungal hypha.
hyphal tip polarisome
cellular_component
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding an early endosome.
early endosome membrane
myosin IV complex
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing one or more class IV myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin IV is relatively uncharacterized, but is predicted to have a single motor domain, one IQ motif and a tail with a Myosin Tail Homology (myTH4) domain homologous to that in the tails of myosins VII and XV.
The core of the CCR4-NOT transcription factor complex. In Saccharomyces the CCR4-NOT core complex comprises Ccr4p, Caf1p, Not1p, Not2p, Not3p, Not4p, and Not5p.
CCR4-NOT core complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
The middle Golgi cisterna (or cisternae).
Golgi medial cisterna
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. One of the two daughter strands of a duplicated chromosome that become apparent between early prophase and metaphase in mitosis and between diplotene and second metaphase in meiosis.
chromatid
This term was made obsolete because it is not a unique subcellular component, i.e. the difference between this term and 'chromosome' is based on temporal and process distinctions. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromosome ; GO:0005694' and the cellular component term 'condensed chromosome ; GO:0000793' and the cellular component term 'condensed nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000794'.
polytene chromosome
cellular_component
A type of chromosome in a polyploid cell, formed when multiple copies of homologous chromosomes are aligned side by side to give a giant chromosome in which distinct chromosome bands are readily visible.
muscle myosin complex
cellular_component
A filament of myosin found in a muscle cell of any type.
cellular_component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase IVb complex
PMID:16140984
RNA polymerase IVb is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVa, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex and contains an extended C-terminal domain (CTD) that includes multiple repeats of a 16 amino-acid consensus sequence as well as other sequences. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha5, beta1 and gamma1.
laminin-10 complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:9700152
Protein complex peripherally associated with the plasma membrane that determines where secretory vesicles dock and fuse. At least eight complex components are conserved between yeast and mammals.
exocyst
condensed nuclear chromosome, centromere
condensed nuclear chromosome, pericentric region
The central region of a condensed chromosome in the nucleus that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
cellular_component
cellular_component
glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase complex
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity ; GO:0017068'.
Complex that possesses glutamyl-tRNA(Gln) amidotransferase activity, and therefore creates Gln-tRNA by amidating Glu-tRNA; usually composed of 3 subunits: A, B, and C. Note that the C subunit may not be required in all organisms.
prospore
A spore, of the type seen in some species of fungi and protist, undergoing development, usually consisting of nucleic acid, prospore membrane(s) that encase the nucleic acid, and ultimately a cell wall that covers the membrane(s).
forespore (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
focal adhesion
Small region on the surface of a cell that anchors the cell to the extracellular matrix and that are points of termination of actin filaments.
cellular_component
GO:0008357
hemi-adherens junction
focal contact
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term 'succinate dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008177'.
fumarate reductase complex
A membrane-bound flavoenzyme complex consisting of four subunits, A, B, C, and D. A and B comprise the membrane-extrinsic catalytic domain and C (InterPro:003510; InterPro:004224) and D (InterPro:003418) link the catalytic centers to the electron-transport chain. This family consists of the 13 kDa hydrophobic subunit D. This component may be required to anchor the catalytic components of the fumarate reductase complex to the cytoplasmic membrane. Fumarate reductase couples the reduction of fumarate to succinate to the oxidation of quinol to quinone, in a reaction opposite to that catalyzed by the related complex II of the respiratory chain (succinate dehydrogenase-(ubiquinone)).
muscle fibre component
muscle fiber component
Any constituent part of a contractile fiber, a fiber composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
contractile fibre component
contractile fiber part
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'intermediate filament ; GO:0005882'.
type II intermediate filament associated protein
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. High molecular weight (100-300 kDa) proteins that associate with intermediate filaments to cross-link them into loose networks.
PMID:9484600
GOC:ajp
OBSOLETE. A sac-like fruiting body (ascomycete fungi); contains ascospores (typically eight in number).
ascus
This term was made obsolete because it is a type of cell rather than a cellular component. To update annotations, consider the term 'ascus ; FAO:0000014' in the Fungal Gross Anatomy ontology.
cellular_component
type V intermediate filament
cellular_component
Any of a group of intermediate-filament proteins that form the fibrous matrix on the inner surface of the nuclear envelope. They are classified as lamins A, B and C.
lamin filament
vesicle lumen
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membrane or protein that forms a vesicle.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate to cysteine, forming glutamylcysteine.
EC:6.3.2.2
cellular_component
glutamate-cysteine ligase complex
segmented viral genome
cellular_component
A viral genome that is divided into two or more physically separate molecules of nucleic acid and packaged into a single virion.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a proplastid.
cellular_component
proplastid stroma
host intracellular
cellular_component
That space within the plasma membrane of a host cell.
intracellular region of host
Nup84 complex
Nup107-120 complex
Nup107-160 complex
cellular_component
PMID:15226438
PMID:11823431
PMID:10747086
A subcomplex of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) mRNA export and NPC assembly. Contains conserved nucleoporins and other proteins; for example, the Saccharomyces complex contains Nup84p, Nup85p, Nup120p, Nup145p-C, Seh1p, Sec13p, and Nup133p.
holo-[acyl-carrier protein] synthase complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of holo-[acyl-carrier protein] from CoA and apo-[acyl-carrier protein].
EC:2.7.8.7
holo-ACP synthase complex
This term was made obsolete because the catalytic activity resides in a single polypeptide rather than a complex, and the complex is represented by a different GO term. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'fatty acid synthase complex ; GO:0005835'.
60S ribosomal subunit
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
The large subunit of a ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 60S. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
lysosomal membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding the lysosome and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm.
cellular_component
A crystalline protein layer surrounding some bacteria.
S-layer
respiratory chain complex I, membrane segment (sensu Eukaryota)
NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, membrane segment (sensu Eukaryota)
The membrane segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
ISBN:0716749556
cellular_component
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a chloroplast, a chlorophyll-containing plastid with thylakoids organized into grana and frets, or stroma thylakoids, and embedded in a stroma.
chloroplast part
Any constituent part of the nucleoplasm, that part of the nuclear content other than the chromosomes or the nucleolus.
cellular_component
nucleoplasm part
cellular_component
PMID:15904532
A complex of several polypeptides that plays at least two important roles in protein synthesis: First, eIF3 binds to the 40S ribosome and facilitates loading of the Met-tRNA/eIF2.GTP ternary complex to form the 43S preinitiation complex. Subsequently, eIF3 apparently assists eIF4 in recruiting mRNAs to the 43S complex.
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 complex
eIF3
eIF-3
glyoxysomal lumen
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a glyoxysome.
plastid chromosome
cellular_component
A circular DNA molecule containing plastid encoded genes.
classical-complement-pathway C3/C5 convertase complex
cellular_component
The region of a chloroplast to which the DNA is confined.
cellular_component
chloroplast nucleoid
cellular_component
microfilament
actin filament
A filamentous structure formed of a two-stranded helical polymer of the protein actin and associated proteins. Actin filaments are a major component of the contractile apparatus of skeletal muscle and the microfilaments of the cytoskeleton of eukaryotic cells. The filaments, comprising polymerized globular actin molecules, appear as flexible structures with a diameter of 5-9 nm. They are organized into a variety of linear bundles, two-dimensional networks, and three dimensional gels. In the cytoskeleton they are most highly concentrated in the cortex of the cell just beneath the plasma membrane.
PMID:10666339
Complex that possesses phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity.
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term 'phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase activity ; GO:0004638'.
phosphoribosylaminoimidazole carboxylase complex
cellular_component
mitochondrial nucleoid
The region of a mitochondrion to which the DNA is confined.
PA28
proteasome activator complex
cellular_component
A multisubunit complex that activates the hydrolysis of small nonubiquitinated peptides by binding to the proteasome core complex.
cellular_component
Refers to the subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associates with the proteasome core complex, as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity, as in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Bacteria)
A septin ring, i.e. a ring-shaped structure composed of septins and septin-associated proteins, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection). The septin ring in the neck of a shmoo may act as a barrier to localize mating factors in the shmoo tip.
mating projection septin ring
cellular_component
cellular_component
The complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
cellular_component
glycine-gated chloride channel complex
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a flagellum, a long, whiplike protrusion from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, whose undulations drive the cell through a liquid medium; similar in structure to a cilium. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
flagellum part (sensu Eukaryota)
flagellar part (sensu Eukaryota)
untranslated RNA
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
flagellar basal body, distal rod (sensu Bacteria)
The portion of the central rod of the flagellar basal body that is distal to the cell membrane; spans most of the distance between the inner and outer membranes. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cell cortex part
Any constituent part of the cell cortex, the region of a cell that lies just beneath the plasma membrane and often, but not always, contains a network of actin filaments and associated proteins.
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P77650
Enzyme complex consisting of four proteins: the two subunits of the hydroxylase component (hcaE and hcaF), a ferredoxin (hcaC) and a ferredoxin reductase (hcaD). Converts 3-phenylpropionic acid (PP) into cis-3-(3-carboxyethyl)-3,5-cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol (PP-dihydrodiol).
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term '3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase activity ; GO:0008695'.
3-phenylpropionate dioxygenase complex
coatomer
cellular_component
One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. The mammalian COPI subunits are called alpha-, beta-, beta'-, gamma-, delta-, epsilon- and zeta-COP. Vesicles with COPI coats are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state.
PMID:11252894
GO:0017167
COPI vesicle coat
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P24182
A protein complex that catalyzes the first step in long-chain fatty acid biosynthesis. For example, in E. coli the complex is heterohexameric and composed of biotin carbonyl carrier protein, biotin carboxylase and the acetate CoA-transferase complex.
acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
ACCase complex
extracellular matrix (sensu Metazoa)
cellular_component
adhesive extracellular matrix constituent
A layer consisting mainly of proteins (especially collagen) and glycosaminoglycans (mostly as proteoglycans) that forms a sheet underlying cells such as endothelial and epithelial cells. The proteins are secreted by cells in the vicinity. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
collagen type VII
cellular_component
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(VII) chains; type VII collagen triple helices form antiparallel dimer, which in turn associate laterally to form anchoring fibrils that connect type IV collagen in the basal lamina to plaques in the underlying connective tissue.
Cdc73/Paf1 complex
A multiprotein complex that associates with RNA polymerase II and general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complexes and may be involved in both transcriptional initiation and elongation. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Paf1p, Cdc73p, Hpr1p, Ccr4p, Ctr9p, Rtf1p, and Leo1p.
PMID:11884586
cellular_component
cellular_component
A thin layer of dense material found in various animal tissues interposed between the cells and the adjacent connective tissue. It consists of the basal lamina plus an associated layer of reticulin fibers.
basement membrane
MIND complex
Mtw1p Including Nnf1p-Nsl1p-Dsn1p complex
A multiprotein complex in yeast consisting of Mtw1p, Nnf1p, Nsl1p, and Dsn1. This complex bridges the subunits that are in contact with centromeric DNA and the subunits bound to microtubules during kinetochore assembly.
cellular_component
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine-peptide N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:O15294
Heterotrimeric enzyme complex, which in humans is composed of two large subunits of the same size, and one smaller subunit. Functions in the addition of nucleotide-activated sugars onto the polypeptide.
quinolinate synthetase complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P10902
A heterodimer which acts as a quinolinate synthetase; quinolinate synthetase B (L-aspartate oxidase) catalyzes the oxidation of L-aspartate to L-iminoaspartate; quinolinate synthetase A condenses L-imidoaspartate and dihydroxyacetone to quinolinate.
See also the molecular function term 'L-aspartate oxidase activity ; GO:0008734'.
TGD:ns
PMID:15380095
PMID:12101122
The eventual plane of cell division (also known as cell cleavage or cytokinesis) in a dividing cell. The cleavage apparatus, composed of septin structures and the actomyosin contractile ring, forms along this plane. The mitotic, or meiotic, spindle is aligned perpendicular to the division plane.
cell division site
cellular_component
cell division plane
foot layer
nexine 1
cellular_component
The inner layer of the ectexine.
cellular_component
A protein complex that facilitates the assembly of nucleosomes on to newly synthesized DNA. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ASF1 and histones H3 and H4.
PMID:10591219
replication-coupling assembly factor complex
RCAF complex
activator ecdysone receptor holocomplex
cellular_component
cellular_component
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VIII alpha chains; [alpha1(VIII)2]alpha2(VIII) and alpha1(VIII)[alpha2(VIII)]2 trimers have been observed; type VIII collagen triple helices associate to form regular hexagonal nets.
collagen type VIII
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein
cellular_component
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, gamma-subunit
See also the molecular function term 'G-protein coupled receptor activity ; GO:0004930'.
Any of a family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding and hydrolyzing proteins; they belong to a superfamily of GTPases that includes monomeric proteins such as EF-Tu and RAS. Heterotrimeric G-proteins consist of three subunits; the alpha subunit contains the guanine nucleotide binding site and possesses GTPase activity; the beta and gamma subunits are tightly associated and function as a beta-gamma heterodimer; extrinsic plasma membrane proteins (cytoplasmic face) that function as a complex to transduce signals from G-protein coupled receptors to an effector protein.
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase activity
heterotrimeric G-protein complex
cellular_component
spectrin
Membrane associated dimeric protein (240 and 220 kDa) of erythrocytes. Forms a complex with ankyrin, actin and probably other components of the membrane cytoskeleton, so that there is a mesh of proteins underlying the plasma membrane, potentially restricting the lateral mobility of integral proteins.
The complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in the plasma membrane, during oxidative phosphorylation; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase
cellular_component
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (sensu Bacteria)
Cysteine synthase is a multienzyme complex made up, in E. coli, of the heteromeric hexamer serine acetyltransferase and the homodimer O-acetylserine (thiol)-lyase A.
MetaCyc:CYSSYNMULTI-CPLX
EC:4.2.99.8
cellular_component
cysteine synthase complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P09785
EC:4.1.3.27
A heterotetrameric enzyme complex made up of two components I and two components II. Catalyzes the formation of anthranilate, pyruvate and L-glutamate from chorismate and L-glutamine.
anthranilate synthase complex
cellular_component
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-A subunit.
Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
inhibin A complex
prevacuolar compartment
PVC
late endosome
cellular_component
A prelysosomal endocytic organelle differentiated from early endosomes by lower lumenal pH and different protein composition. Late endosomes are more spherical than early endosomes and are mostly juxtanuclear, being concentrated near the microtubule organizing center.
PMID:2557062
PMID:11964142
major (U2-dependent) spliceosome
major spliceosome
GT-AG spliceosome
PMID:11343900
The major (U2-dependent) spliceosome is composed of five snRNP complexes (U1, U2, U4, U5, and U6) as well as many non-snRNP proteins. It acts through many RNA-RNA, RNA-protein, and protein-protein interactions to precisely excise each intron and join the flanking exons.
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:15222894
A multiprotein complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins during late mitosis and G1, allowing the origin to become competent, or 'licensed', for replication. The complex normally includes the origin recognition complex (ORC), Cdc6, Cdt1 and the MiniChromosome Maintenance (Mcm2-7) proteins.
pre-replicative complex
pre-RC
The set of thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments, called cisternae, that form the central portion of the Golgi complex. The stack usually comprises cis, medial, and trans cisternae; the cis- and trans-Golgi networks are not considered part of the stack.
Golgi stack
Golgi cisternae
GO:0016940
cellular_component
dictyosome
alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase complex
cellular_component
PMID:11095735
PMID:10037752
A large, multiprotein complex with alpha-1,6 mannosyltransferase activity, located in the cis Golgi membrane; adds mannan to N-linked glycans on proteins.
Multisubunit protein complex with 2x7 (Type I, in most cells) or 2x8 (Type II, in Archaea) ATP-binding sites involved in maintaining an unfolded polypeptide structure before folding or to entry into mitochondria and chloroplasts.
EC:3.6.4.9
chaperonin ATPase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
A structure found in a male mammalian spermatocyte containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
XY body
cellular_component
Note that this term is mainly relevant in organisms that have both sex chromosomes and non-sex-determining chromosomes in an individual organism.
autosome
Any chromosome other than a sex chromosome.
The portion of the budding yeast plasma membrane where a daughter cell will emerge. The yeast marks this spot with bud-site selection proteins before bud emergence occurs. Actin is polarized to this spot just prior to and during bud emergence.
incipient bud site
cellular_component
cellular_component
myosin VII complex
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VII (240 kDa) is predicted to be a dimeric molecule with 5 IQ motifs and a tail region with a short stretch of coiled coil followed by two myosin-tail homology (MyTH4) domains, two talin-binding (FERM) domains and an SH3-domain.
protein phosphatase type 1 complex
cellular_component
An ATP, magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase (AMD phosphatase) that consists of a catalytic subunit of 38 kDa and a modulator subunit of 23 kDa, which is subject to phosphorylation, thus activating the phosphatase.
sex chromatin
A condensed mass of chromatin that represents an inactivated X chromosome.
cellular_component
A circular DNA molecule containing chloroplast encoded genes.
cellular_component
chloroplast chromosome
cellular_component
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are attached to the plasma membrane or cell wall.
cell surface
The external part of the cell wall and/or cell membrane.
cell associated
cell bound
transport vesicle membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a transport vesicle.
secretory vesicle membrane
The side of the outer membrane that faces the periplasm.
cellular_component
internal side of outer membrane
Filaments formed of actin and associated proteins; attached to Z discs at either end of sarcomeres in myofibrils.
cellular_component
striated muscle thin filament
dimeric RNase P complex
A ribonuclease P complex that contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary and usually sufficient for catalysis, and a single protein molecule.
PMID:12045094
RNase P complex (sensu Bacteria)
ribonuclease P complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
dimeric ribonuclease P complex
cellular_component
major mitochondrial derivative
cellular_component
The electron-lucent layer of the basal lamina adjacent to the basal plasma membrane of the cells that rest on the lamina.
lamina lucida
Either of two nuclei located centrally in a flowering plant embryo sac that eventually fuse to form the endosperm nucleus.
ISBN:0618254153
polar nucleus
cellular_component
cellular_component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I complex
DNA-directed RNA polymerase I activity
RNA polymerase I, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces rRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase III and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases II and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
A multiprotein complex assembled at eukaryotic DNA replication origins immediately prior to the initiation of DNA replication. The preinitiation complex is formed by the assembly of additional proteins onto an existing prereplicative complex. In budding yeast, the additional proteins include Cdc45p, Sld2p, Sld3p, Dbp11p, DNA polymerases, and others.
PMID:15194812
PMID:12694535
cellular_component
pre-IC
DNA replication preinitiation complex
signal recognition particle receptor complex
cellular_component
A transmembrane heterodimeric protein located in the membrane of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Both subunits contain GTPase domains with which signal recognition particle interacts. In the presence of GTP and SRP receptor, SRP is released from the ribosome-nascent chain complex.
docking protein complex
SR complex
intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
cellular_component
Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located in the periplasmic space.
cellular_component
desmotubule central rod
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Eukaryota)
The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
periplasm
periplasmic space
cellular_component
periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
The region between the inner (cytoplasmic) membrane and outer membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
mitochondrial crista
mitochondrial cristae
cellular_component
Any of the inward folds of the mitochondrial inner membrane. Their number, extent, and shape differ in mitochondria from different tissues and organisms. They appear to be devices for increasing the surface area of the mitochondrial inner membrane, where the enzymes of electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation are found. Their shape can vary with the respiratory state of the mitochondria.
integral to contractile vacuolar membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the contractile vacuolar membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
GOC:pg
cellular_component
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
DNA replication factor C complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
A complex of five polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase delta or epsilon. In Saccharomyces and several other species, the subunits are known as Rfc1p-Rfc5p, although subunit names do not necessarily correspond between different species. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
external encapsulating structure
A structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.
cellular_component
mitochondrion component
Any constituent part of a mitochondrion, a semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
mitochondrial part
meprin A complex
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of protein and peptide substrates, preferentially on carboxyl side of hydrophobic residues.
EC:3.4.24.18
UniProtKB:P35816
A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex (sensu Bacteria)
See also the cellular component term 'pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0045250'.
cellular_component
glycosome membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a glycosome.
cellular_component
cellular_component
clathrin-coated vesicle
A vesicle with a coat formed of clathrin connected to the membrane via one of the clathrin adaptor complexes.
cytoplasmic membrane
cellular_component
cell wall inner membrane
This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria) ; GO:0009276'.
OBSOLETE. In Gram-negative bacteria the membrane that separates the cytoplasm from the murein sacculus.
subpellicular network
A mechanically stable cytoskeletal structure associated with the cytoplasmic face of the pellicle and surrounding the microtubule-based cytoskeleton.
PMID:11420112
cellular_component
laminin-12 complex
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha2, beta1 and gamma3.
cellular_component
PMID:15020051
Any chromatin remodeling complex that contains an ATPase subunit of the ISWI family.
ISWI complex
transport vesicle
secretory granule
This term was made obsolete because it was being used to describe two different components. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133' and 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'.
secretory vesicle
OBSOLETE. A small subcellular vesicle, or granule, surrounded by a single-layered membrane; formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion.
cellular_component
transition vesicle
axolemma
cellular_component
The plasma membrane of an axon; it is a specialized trilaminar random mosaic of protein molecules floating within a fluid matrix of highly mobile phospholipid molecules, 7-8 nm in thickness.
http://www.medik.sk/clanky/bio_jun.htm
Note that although this complex has so far only been described in Saccharomyces, it is likely to be conserved in other eukaryotes.
Dam1 complex
A large protein complex, containing around 8-10 subunits in yeast, including Duo1p, Dam1p, Dad1p and Ask1p. Associating with microtubules and kinetochores, the complex plays a role chromosome segregation and spindle stability.
PMID:11799062
PMID:11782438
DDD complex
Duo1p-Dam1p-Dad1p complex
DASH complex
cellular_component
zeta DNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
A low fidelity DNA-directed DNA polymerase that functions during replication, to promote the extension of forks whose progression is stopped for any reason; a non-processive enzyme with no 3'-5' exonuclease activity; possesses deoxycytidyl transferase activity, incorporating deoxycytidyl opposite abasic sites. Functions during DNA repair and mutagenesis. Composed of two subunits.
PMID:11205328
activin receptor complex
ISBN:0121551423
Activin receptors can be type I or type II and are cell surface transmembrane receptors with serine/threonine activity.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Portion of the cell formed during the process of bacterial sporulation that will ultimately become the core of the endospore. An endospore is a type of dormant cell that is resistant to adverse conditions. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
ISBN:0697286029
forespore (sensu Bacteria)
A septum or cross wall which does not entirely span the space between two portions of cell wall and may contain a specialized central pore structure. A porous septum allows the movement of organelles and/or cytoplasm between compartments.
porous septum
porous cell septum
cellular_component
hnRNP
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein
cellular_component
Particulate complex of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA; a heterogeneous mixture of RNA molecules of high Mr with a rapid turnover rate that occurs in cell nuclei during protein synthesis; it is the form of RNA synthesized in eukaryotes by RNA polymerase II, that which is translated into protein) with protein, which is cell-specific and heterogeneous. The protein component may play a role in the processing of the hnRNA to mRNA.
heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
cellular_component
The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome regulatory particle
ER to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi.
cellular_component
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle membrane
COPII coated vesicle membrane
GO:0030664
ER-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
http://www.cellnucleus.com/
A discrete extra-nucleolar subnuclear domain, 20-50 in number, in which splicing factors are seen to be localized by immunofluorescence microscopy.
nuclear speck
cellular_component
splicing speckle
speckle domain
speckle focus
nuclear speckle
nuclear speckles
myosin XIV complex
A myosin complex containing a class XIV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XIV heavy chains are the simplest known, containing a motor domain, no classic IQ motif and variable length tails.
cellular_component
Bacteriochlorophyll a binding complex that is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center.
cellular_component
light-harvesting complex, peripheral complex
RNA polymerase IVa is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The second largest subunit is also found in RNA polymerase IVb, while the largest subunit is found only in the IVa complex. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
PMID:15766525
PMID:15692015
DNA-directed RNA polymerase IVa complex
cellular_component
A component, along with aminomethyltransferase, of the glycine cleavage system; it is found as a homodimer or as a tetramer with two alpha subunits and two beta subunits.
EC:1.4.4.2
cellular_component
glycine dehydrogenase complex (decarboxylating)
Note that this complex is 66S in Saccharomyces.
nucleolar preribosome, large subunit precursor
A preribosomal complex consisting of 27SA, 27SB, and/or 7S pre-rRNA, 5S rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating large subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic large ribosomal subunit.
PMID:10567516
cellular_component
66S preribosome
A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1.
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex III
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex
Any vesicle associated with the Golgi complex and involved in mediating transport within the Golgi or between the Golgi and other parts of the cell.
Note that this definition includes vesicles that are transiently associated with the Golgi.
Golgi vesicle
Golgi-associated vesicle
cellular_component
A viral genome composed of double stranded RNA.
cellular_component
dsRNA viral genome
sex chromosome
A chromosome involved in sex determination.
cellular_component
symbiosome
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of an endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and a non-endosymbiotic outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is genetically defined region and not a specific subcellular localization. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromosome, pericentric region ; GO:0000775' and its children.
OBSOLETE. The region of a eukaryotic chromosome that is attached to the spindle during nuclear division. It is defined genetically as the region of the chromosome that always segregates at the first division of meiosis; the region of the chromosome in which no crossing over occurs. At the start of M phase, each chromosome consists of two sister chromatids with a constriction at a point which forms the centromere. During late prophase two kinetochores assemble on each centromere, one kinetochore on each sister chromatid.
cellular_component
centromere
A myosin complex containing two class II myosin heavy chains, two myosin essential light chains and two myosin regulatory light chains. Also known as classical myosin or conventional myosin, the myosin II class includes the major muscle myosin of vertebrate and invertebrate muscle, and is characterized by alpha-helical coiled coil tails that self assemble to form a variety of filament structures.
cellular_component
myosin II complex
conventional myosin
UniProtKB:Q45066
A heterodimeric enzyme, which in most bacterial species is composed of two subunits, PARC and PARE. Functions in chromosome segregation and can relax supercoiled DNA.
cellular_component
DNA topoisomerase IV complex
NEF4 complex
cellular_component
Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses DNA damage recognition and DNA-dependent ATPase activities.
nucleotide-excision repair factor 4 complex
nuclear nucleosome
cellular_component
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the nucleus into higher order structures.
cellular_component
PMID:12554655
PMID:12048214
PMID:11689437
A punctate structure localized in the vicinity of the vacuole that is required for the formation of autophagosomes.
pre-autophagosomal structure
PAS
fatty-acyl-CoA synthase complex
cellular_component
nuclear cohesin complex
cellular_component
A protein complex required for cohesion between sister chromatids that remain in the nucleus.
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha2, beta1 and gamma1.
laminin-8 complex
Large protein complex composed of the RNA polymerase core complex and a variety of other proteins including transcription factor complexes TFIIA, D, E, F, and H which are required for promoter recognition, and the Mediator subcomplex. Catalyzes the synthesis of eukaryotic pre-mRNA.
PMID:15196470
http://en.wikipedia.org/
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme
cellular_component
bud neck contractile ring
A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck in mitotic cells that divide by budding in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
cytokinetic ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
contractile ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
neck ring
cellular_component
actomyosin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
cellular_component
Invertebrate-specific cell-cell junctions which form a band around the apical borders of epithelial cells and attach to actin filaments.
septate desmosome
septate junction
cellular_component
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, comprised of a permease domain integral to the plasma membrane, a membrane associated ATP-binding domain, and a periplasmic (in Gram-negative organims) or membrane anchored (in Gram-positive organisms) substrate-binding domain. The substrate-binding domain is not found in the efflux form. These domains can occur on one or more polypeptides. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2) and the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
nuclear heterochromatin
A condensed form of chromatin, occurring in the nucleus during interphase, that stains strongly with basophilic dyes. The DNA of heterochromatin is typically replicated at a later stage in the cell-division cycle than euchromatin.
cellular_component
interphase MTOC
interphase microtubule organising center
iMTOC
PMID:15068790
A microtubule organizing center found in interphase cells, which organize a longitudinal array of three to five MT bundles from the nuclear envelope during interphase. Each MT bundle is composed of two to seven MTs arranged in an antiparallel configuration, with the dynamic MT plus ends extending toward the cell tips and stable minus ends near the nucleus.
cellular_component
interphase microtubule organizing center
intine
cellular_component
The innermost of the major layers of the pollen grain wall which underlies the exine and borders the cytoplasm.
Note that the intine is not acetolysis resistant and is therefore absent in conventionally prepared palynological material.
cellular_component
DNA polymerase III complex
cellular_component
lipid droplet
Note that this term does not refer to vesicle, but instead to structures in which lipids do not necessarily form bilayers.
lipid particle
Any particle of coalesced lipids in the cytoplasm of a cell. May include associated proteins.
cell-matrix junction
A specialized region of connection between a cell and the extracellular matrix.
cellular_component
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
intracellular organelle
cellular_component
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form an icosahedron, a solid with 20 faces and 12 vertices. Tobacco satellite necrosis virus has such a capsid structure.
ISBN:071673706X
cellular_component
icosahedral viral capsid
quasispherical viral capsid
A three dimensional regular lattice found in etioplasts. It is composed of a continuous system of tubules but when exposed to light the symmetrical arrangement is rapidly lost as tubules become pinched off into two dimensional sections of lattice. These for perforated sheets of membrane that move apart, extend and increase, finally establishing the typical granal and intergranal lamellae of the mature chloroplast.
etioplast prolamellar body
cellular_component
horsetail-astral microtubule array
HAA
cellular_component
An array of astral microtubules that emanates from the spindle pole body during meiosis and facilitates horsetail nuclear movement.
PMID:16111942
spindle pole
Either of the ends of a spindle, where spindle microtubules are organized; usually contains a microtubule organizing center and accessory molecules, spindle microtubules and astral microtubules.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Sec complex (sensu Eukaryota)
PMID:12158317
A membrane associated complex involved in the translocation of proteins that are targeted to the ER. In yeast, this complex consists of two subcomplexes, namely, the Sec61 complex and the Sec62/Sec63 complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
A direct link between the cytoplasms of sister cells that allows cells to communicate with one another. Germline intercellular bridges facilitate the passage of cytoplasmic components between cells during development. Intercellular bridges have also been found connecting somatic cells.
cellular_component
intercellular bridge
RNA nuclear export complex
cellular_component
A complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus and yeast, the export receptor CRM1 (also known as exportin 1), the Ran protein and any RNA with a nuclear export sequence (NES). The complex acts to export RNA molecules with a NES from the nucleus through a nuclear pore.
secretory vesicle
secretory granule
cellular_component
ISBN:0198596732
A small subcellular vesicle, surrounded by a single-layered membrane, that is formed from the Golgi apparatus and contains a highly concentrated protein destined for secretion. Secretory granules move towards the periphery of the cell, their membranes fuse with the cell membrane, and their protein load is exteriorized. Processing of the contained protein may take place in secretory granules.
Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'.
bacterial nucleoid
cellular_component
The region of a bacterial cell to which the DNA is confined.
protein complex
Note that although at some level almost all cellular components can be thought of as protein complexes, this term is intended to exclude structures composed of the same repeating subunit or subunits, for example microtubules. Protein complexes encompassed by this term are generally not structural, and usually have a defined set of subunits.
Any protein group composed of two or more subunits, which may or may not be identical. Protein complexes may have other associated non-protein prosthetic groups, such as nucleic acids, metal ions or carbohydrate groups.
cellular_component
capsule
A protective structure surrounding some fungi and bacteria, attached externally to the cell wall and composed primarily of polysaccharides. Capsules play an important role in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by eukaryotic cells.
cellular_component
photosystem II (sensu Viridiplantae)
Photosystem II; as in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
cellular_component
senescence associated vacuole
PMID:15743448
Vacuole that is maintained at acidic pH and has different tonoplast composition compared to the central vacuole. Found during leaf senescence and develops in the peripheral cytoplasm of cells that contain chloroplast.
cellular_component
cellular_component
lateral plasma membrane
The membranes on the sides of epithelial cells which lie at the interface of adjacent cells.
caveolar membrane
The membrane area of caveolae, the small pits, depressions, or invaginations found in the plasma membrane of cells. Caveolar membrane is characterized by the presence of caveolins, which constitute the major protein component of caveolar membrane in vivo.
PMID:12217512
PMID:11551396
cellular_component
fimbrial part
Any constituent part of a fimbrium, a proteinaceous hair-like appendage on the surface of bacteria; range from 2-8 nm in diameter.
cellular_component
fimbrium component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'axonemal dynein complex ; GO:0005858'.
axonemal dynein heavy chain
PMID:8878678
PMID:11404334
A diffusely banded region of heterochromatin located between euchromatin and alpha-heterochromatin in the polytene chromosome chromocenter; normally replicated during polytenization.
beta-heterochromatin
cellular_component
interleukin-3 receptor complex
cellular_component
Complex that binds interleukin-3; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-3 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interleukin-5.
cellular_component
A enzyme complex of which the core is a heterodimer composed of a light (alpha) and heavy (beta) chain, and requires several other water-soluble proteins of cytosolic origin for activity. Functions in superoxide generation by the NADPH-dependent reduction of O2.
PMID:12440767
PMID:11483596
flavocytochrome b558
NADPH oxidase complex
respiratory-burst oxidase
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plastid inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
integral to plastid inner membrane
cellular_component
Includes phosphoenolpyruvate-protein phosphatase (enzyme I of the phosphotransferase system) and protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase (enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system).
phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent sugar phosphotransferase complex
cellular_component
A complex usually comprising two gamma-tubulin molecules, at least two conserved non-tubulin proteins that multimerize along with additional non-tubulin proteins in animal cells into larger functional complexes. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the repeating unit making up the core of the gamma-tubulin ring complex. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
gamma-tubulin small complex (sensu Metazoa)
cellular_component
cellular_component
GOC:kna
An immotile primary cilium that may be missing the central pair of microtubules, or the central pair of microtubules and outer dynein arms. Some primary cilia also have altered arrangements of outer microtubules (fewer than nine and/or not always present as doublets). Nonmotile primary cilia typically function as sensory organelles that concentrate and organize sensory signaling molecules.
nonmotile primary cilium
A stable complex of seven subunits, two actin-related proteins, Arp2 and Arp3, and five novel proteins (ARPC1-5). Functions in the nucleation of actin filaments.
PMID:12479800
Arp2/3 protein complex
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology was erroneous. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'AP-2 adaptor complex ; GO:0030122'.
HA2 clathrin adaptor
cellular_component
AP2
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
PMID:11217978
starch grain
cellular_component
starch granule
cellular_component
host organism
host
Any organism in which another organism, especially a parasite or symbiont, spends part or all of its life cycle and from which it obtains nourishment and/or protection.
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'condensed chromosome ; GO:0000793'.
cytoplasmic mitotic chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cytoplasm during mitosis.
cellular_component
intrinsic to Golgi membrane
cellular_component
Located in the Golgi membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
An enzyme complex that exists in monomer, dimer, and higher oligomeric forms. Catalysis of the reaction: 2 ATP + L-glutamine + carbon dioxide (CO2) + H2O = 2 ADP + phosphate + L-glutamate + carbamoyl phosphate.
PMID:2868386
cellular_component
Note that in eukaryotes, carbamoyl-phosphate synthase is usually a single polypeptide, not a complex, and should therefore not be annotated to this component term.
carbamoyl-phosphate synthase complex
cellular_component
intercellular canaliculus
An extremely narrow tubular channel located between adjacent cells. An instance of this is the secretory canaliculi occurring between adjacent parietal cells in the gastric mucosa of vertebrates.
OBSOLETE. Proteins that associate with the ends of intermediate filaments and couple the intermediate filaments to the plasma membrane.
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'type III intermediate filament ; GO:0045098'.
cellular_component
type III intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex ; GO:0016942' and its children.
insulin-like growth factor binding protein
constriction
A region of the polytene chromosome where the diameter is considerably decreased, probably resulting from local differences in chromosome organization.
ISBN:0120649012
cellular_component
polytene chromosome weak point
The outer membrane of a muscle fiber, consisting of the plasma membrane, a covering basement membrane (about 100 nm thick and sometimes common to more than one fiber), and the associated loose network of collagen fibers.
sarcolemma
cellular_component
cellular_component
N-terminal acetyltransferase A complex
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to an N-terminal Ser, Ala, Gly, or Thr residue of a protein acceptor molecule. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat1p and Ard1p, and may contain additional proteins.
PMID:12890471
NatA complex
Complex that binds interleukin-18; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
PMID:12759435
cellular_component
interleukin-18 receptor complex
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of 1,2-propanediol whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic propionaldehyde product of the enzyme diol dehydratase.
PMID:12923081
PMID:11844753
PMID:10498708
cellular_component
propanediol degradation polyhedral organelle
cellular_component
nuclear body
PMID:10330182
Extra-nucleolar nuclear domains usually visualized by confocal microscopy and fluorescent antibodies to specific proteins.
trans-Golgi network transport vesicle
TGN transport vesicle
cellular_component
A vesicle that mediates transport between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
Note that proteins extrinsic to membranes can be removed by treatments that do not disrupt the membrane, such as salt solutions.
cellular_component
GPI-anchored membrane-bound receptor
extrinsic to membrane
peripheral membrane protein
GO:0030396
Loosely bound to one surface of a membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
plasmodesmata
plasmodesma
A fine cytoplasmic channel, found in all higher plants, that connects the cytoplasm of one cell to that of an adjacent cell.
cellular_component
cellular_component
The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
neurite
A prolongation or process extending from a nerve cell, e.g. an axon or dendrite.
neuron projection
neuronal cell projection
cellular_component
B-cell receptor complex
GO:0042570
B cell receptor accessory molecule complex
cellular_component
A membrane-bound antigen receptor complex consisting in its basic form of an antigen-binding subunit (the membrane immunoglobulin or mIg), comprised of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains held together by disulfide bonds, and a signaling subunit, a heterodimer of the Ig-alpha and Ig-beta proteins.
BCR
B cell receptor complex
B-lymphocyte receptor complex
B lymphocyte receptor complex
immunoglobulin complex, membrane bound
cellular_component
COPI-coated vesicle
A vesicle with a coat formed of the COPI coat complex proteins. COPI-coated vesicles are found associated with Golgi membranes at steady state, are involved in Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum (retrograde) vesicle transport, and possibly also in intra-Golgi transport.
coatomer
cellular_component
The gel-like pectin matrix consists of the interlinked acidic and neutral pectin networks that are further cross-linked by calcium bridges. Pectins consist largely of long chains of mostly galacturonic acid units (typically 1,4 linkages and sometimes methyl esters). Three major pectic polysaccharides (homogalacturonan, rhamnogalacturonan I and rhamnogalacturonan II) are thought to occur in all primary cell walls.
pectic matrix
polytene chromosome interband
cellular_component
A stretch of less tightly packed chromatin along the polytene chromosome, found between bands.
A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
cellular_component
SMC complex
condensin complex
cellular_component
mitochondrial large ribosomal subunit
The larger of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
cellular_component
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
respiratory chain complex III (sensu Bacteria)
early endosome
cellular_component
Small irregularly shaped intracellular vesicles to which endocytosed molecules are initially delivered.
rough ER membrane
rough endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
cellular_component
cellular_component
homodimeric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
A homodimeric complex that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis.
cellular_component
viral capsid (sensu Retroviridae)
ISBN:1555811272
ISBN:0122270304
The protein coat that surrounds the viral nucleocapsid, which in turn encapsulates the infective nucleic acid in retrovirus particles; the structure is complex, and specific structures and functions are associated with different elements of the capsid. As in, but not restricted to, the Retroviridae (Retroviridae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:11632).
cellular_component
Any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes, and possibly others. They are found associated with membranes on many vesicles as well as other membrane features such as pits and perhaps tubules.
membrane coat
cellular_component
NADH:plastoquinone reductase complex
GO:0030025
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone)
cellular_component
GOC:ef
A type of synapse occurring between an axon and a dendritic spine or dendritic shaft. Asymmetric synapses, the most abundant synapse type in the central nervous system, involve axons that contain predominantly spherical vesicles and contain a thickened postsynaptic density.
asymmetric synapse
cellular_component
mitochondrial cloud
Balbiani body
PMID:6541166
A prominent mass in the cytoplasm of previtellogenic oocytes. The cloud contains both mitochondria and electron-dense granulofibrillar material (GFM) and is the source of germinal granule material.
PMID:11293569
PMID:11197234
A spherical, membrane-bounded organelle found in some anaerobic protozoa, which participates in ATP and molecular hydrogen formation.
cellular_component
hydrogenosome
cellular_component
Tea1 cell-end complex
PMID:15936270
A high molecular weight complex characterized in S. pombe containing the cell-end anchoring protein Tea1. This complex is transported to the cell ends by microtubules and is involved in bipolar growth and the maintennce of normal cell polarity.
preribosome
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed during ribosome biogenesis.
cellular_component
cellular_component
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within the germ tube of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
germ tube septin ring
inaD signalling complex
cellular_component
inaD signaling complex
A complex of proteins that are involved in phototransduction and attached to the transient receptor potential (TRP) channel. The protein connections are mediated through inaD.
PMID:9010208
FB:FBrf0105321
Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 820 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
light harvesting complex III
LH3 complex
B800-820 antenna complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'type III intermediate filament ; GO:0045098'.
OBSOLETE. A type of intermediate filament.
desmin
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
cytoplasmic ubiquitin ligase complex
HA2
cellular_component
An adaptor complex that links clathrin to the membrane surface of a vesicle; vesicles with AP-2-containing coats are normally found primarily near the plasma membrane, on endocytic vesicles.
HA2 clathrin adaptor
AP-2 adaptor complex
sodium-translocating F-type ATPase complex
cellular_component
photoreceptor cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the hydrolysis of bonds in a cyclic nucleotide.
EC:3.1.4.-
cellular_component
plastid
Any member of a family of organelles found in the cytoplasm of plants and some protists, which are membrane-bounded and contain DNA. Plant plastids develop from a common type, the proplastid.
cellular_component
Vacuole within a host cell in which a parasite resides.
cellular_component
parasitophorous vacuole
cellular_component
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a filopodium.
filopodium membrane
cellular_component
PMID:12139607
An mRNA editing complex found in the mitochondrion. The best characterized example is that of Trypanosoma brucei, which catalyzes the insertion and deletion of uridylates.
mitochondrial editosome
mitochondrial mRNA editing complex
membrane projection
membrane extension
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a cell surface projection.
cell projection membrane
cellular_component
TOM complex
GIP complex
cellular_component
mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates transport of proteins into all mitochondrial compartments.
PMID:12581629
A structure in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases, and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization. It lies just beneath the plama membrane and is derived from the lysosome.
cellular_component
acrosome
The apex of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone; site of polarized growth.
conjugation tube tip
cellular_component
mating projection tip
cellular_component
nuclear condensin complex
A multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in the condensation of chromosomes that remain in the nucleus.
cellular_component
insulin receptor complex
A disulfide-bonded, heterotetrameric receptor complex. The alpha chains are entirely extracellular, while each beta chain has one transmembrane domain. The ligand binds to the alpha subunit extracellular domain and the kinase is associated with the beta subunit intracellular domain.
snRNP U12
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U12; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
cellular_component
xanthophore
A chromatophore containing yellow pigment.
Note that this term refers to a subcellular structure, and should not be confused with the specialized cells known as xanthophores, which produce yellow pigment and are found in fish and amphibian skin. Note that several terms in the biological process ontology ('xanthophore differentiation ; GO:0050936' and its children) refer to xanthophores in the sense of pigment-producing cells.
cellular_component
EC:6.2.1.5
EC:6.2.1.4
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP or GTP.
succinate-CoA ligase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:15774761
Any of a series of structures composed of septins and septin-associated proteins localized to the cleavage plane which are involved in cytokinesis.
cleavage apparatus septin structure
cellular_component
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
hyphal septin ring
bud neck polarisome
cellular_component
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the neck of a fungal bud before and during cytokinesis.
A complex of four polypeptides, comprising large and small DNA polymerase alpha subunits and two primase subunits, which catalyzes the synthesis of an RNA primer on the lagging strand of replicating DNA; the smaller of the two primase subunits alone can catalyze oligoribonucleotide synthesis.
PMID:11395402
alpha DNA polymerase:primase complex
DNA polymerase alpha:primase complex
heterotetrameric polymerase alpha holoenzyme
pol-prim
primosome
cellular_component
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial lumen
The volume enclosed by a thylakoid membrane; as in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
cellular_component
thylakoid lumen (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
PMID:10944212
A multimeric protein complex that associates with the vacuolar membrane and is involved in homotypic vacuole fusion and vacuole protein sorting. For example, the Saccharomyces complex contains Vps41p, Vam6p, Pep5p, Vps16p, Pep3p, and Vps33p.
HOPS complex
ascus lipid droplet
cellular_component
PMID:12702293
Any particle of coalesced lipids in an ascus or ascospore. May include associated proteins.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because more specific terms were created. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) ; GO:0045263' and its children.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
basal cortex
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the basal edge of a cell.
mitochondrial permeability transition pore
mitochondrial PT pore
cellular_component
cellular_component
Refers to the subunits of the regulatory particle that forms the peripheral lid, as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
collagen type XIII
cellular_component
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XIII) chains; type X collagen triple helices span lipid bilayer membranes.
cellular_component
collagen type X
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(X) chains; type X collagen triple helices may form nets.
Located in the vacuolar membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
intrinsic to vacuolar membrane
cellular_component
flagellum (sensu Eukaryota)
A long, whiplike protrusion from the surface of a eukaryotic cell, whose undulations drive the cell through a liquid medium; similar in structure to a cilium. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
See also the cellular component term 'cilium ; GO:0005929'.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of nitrate from nitrite with the concomitant reduction of an acceptor.
EC:1.7.99.4
nitrate reductase complex
cellular_component
A vacuole that is maintained at an acidic pH and which contains degradative enzymes, including a wide variety of acid hydrolases.
lytic vacuole
cellular_component
barrier septum
cellular_component
A septum which spans a cell and does not allow exchange of organelles or cytoplasm between compartments.
complete septum
ISBN:0198599587
Any assembly of collagen in which the collagen chains are relatively short compared to the fibrillar collagens.
short-chain collagen
cellular_component
Structure or material found in the flagella of mammalian sperm that surrounds each of the nine microtubule doublets, giving a 9 + 9 + 2 arrangement rather than the 9 + 2 pattern usually seen. These dense fibers are stiff and noncontractile.
cellular_component
outer dense fiber
outer dense fibre
A viral genome composed of deoxyribonucleic acid.
cellular_component
DNA viral genome
cellular_component
CDK holoenzyme
cytoplasmic cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the cytoplasm.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core
cellular_component
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase.
lysosomal hydrogen-transporting ATPase V1 domain
cellular_component
Any of the thin, flattened membrane-bounded compartments that form the central portion of the Golgi complex.
Golgi cisterna
cellular_component
SWR1 complex
cellular_component
SWR-C
PMID:14690608
PMID:14645854
A multisubunit protein complex that is involved in chromatin remodeling. It is required for the incorporation of the histone variant H2AZ into chromatin. In S. cerevisiae, the complex contains Swr1p, a Swi2/Snf2-related ATPase, and 12 additional subunits.
cytosolic proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
A proteasome found in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
centriole
A cellular organelle, found close to the nucleus in many eukaryotic cells, consisting of a small cylinder with microtubular walls, 300-500 nm long and 150-250 nm in diameter. It contains nine short, parallel, peripheral microtubular fibrils, each fibril consisting of one complete microtubule fused to two incomplete microtubules. Cells usually have two centrioles, lying at right angles to each other. At division, each pair of centrioles generates another pair and the twin pairs form the pole of the mitotic spindle.
A complex that possesses protein histidine kinase activity.
protein histidine kinase complex
cellular_component
The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
cellular_component
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
flagellar basal body, MS ring (sensu Bacteria)
flagellar basal body, mounting plate (sensu Bacteria)
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; a double-flanged ring that anchors the basal body to the cytoplasmic membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
GO:0009430
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota)
The small subunit of a eukaryotic cytosolic ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 40S. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
40S ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
plasma membrane of cell tip
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the cell tip.
cellular_component
ferredoxin hydrogenase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the oxidation of reduced ferredoxin. Hydrogenase contains iron-sulfur clusters, and some contain nickel; it can use molecular hydrogen for the reduction of a variety of substances.
EC:1.18.99.1
hydrogenase complex
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in leptotene or zygotene during meiosis I.
early recombination nodule
cellular_component
inner centromere core complex
inner kinetochore plate
The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; in mammals the CREST antigens (CENP proteins) are found in this layer; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
PMID:11483983
PMID:10619130
inner kinetochore of condensed chromosome
cellular_component
cellular_component
histamine-gated chloride channel complex
bud
cellular_component
A daughter cell of an organism that reproduces by budding; formed by pinching off part of the parent cell.
cellular_component
fimbrial shaft
The long, slender, mid section of a fimbrium.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Bacteria)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
cellular_component
Located in the peroxisomal membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
intrinsic to peroxisomal membrane
The basic structural and functional unit of all organisms. Includes the plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the cell wall and cell envelope.
cellular_component
cell
Located in the nuclear outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
intrinsic to nuclear outer membrane
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P6 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content, and are equivalent to mature peroxisomes.
peroxisome vesicle
cellular_component
P6 peroxisome
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', and 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823'.
RubisCO complex (sensu Cyanobacteria)
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Cyanobacteria)
A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. As in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
cellular_component
insulin control element activator complex
cellular_component
PMID:7935390
Transcription factor complex that binds to the insulin control element (ICE), a DNA sequence element found within the 5'-flanking region of the insulin gene, and activates ICE-mediated transcription.
ICE activator complex
PMID:12192034
A chromatin-remodeling complex that catalyzes the ATP-dependent assembly of periodic nucleosome arrays. In Drosophila, the complex comprises ACF1 and ISWI.
cellular_component
ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor complex
ACF complex
cellular_component
Any protein complex that acts in the formation of nucleosomes or higher order chromatin structure.
chromatin assembly complex
A complex of approximately 20 proteins, most of which are located in the inner membrane that carries out protein secretion in the type III secretion system; type III secretion also requires a cytoplasmic, probably membrane-associated ATPase.
PMID:9618447
cellular_component
type III protein secretion system complex
photoreceptor outer segment membrane
cellular_component
The membrane surrounding the outer segment of a vertebrate photoreceptor.
Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles, 50-150 nm in diameter, that are formed when some eukaryotic cells are homogenized and that sediment on centrifugation at 100000 g.
microsome
cellular_component
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
cellular_component
p-aminobenzoate synthetase complex
conserved oligomeric Golgi complex
COG complex
Golgi transport complex
Sec34/35 complex
PMID:9792665
A complex of proteins that, in vitro, stimulates intra-Golgi transport; a 13S complex, about 800 kDa in size and consists of at least five polypeptides. In yeast, this complex is called the Sec34/35 complex and is composed of eight subunits (Sec34p, Sec35p, Dor1p, Cod1p, Cod2p, Cod3p, Cod4p, and Cod5p).
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a cell, the basic structural and functional unit of all organisms.
cellular_component
cell part
The 48S initiation complex is composed of the 40S ribosomal subunit, the initiator tRNA, and the mRNA.
eukaryotic 48S initiation complex
cellular_component
Any constituent part of the cell wall, the rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis.
cell wall part
cellular_component
V-ATPase
vacuolar hydrogen-transporting ATPase
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because more specific terms were created. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex ; GO:0016469' and its children.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
presynaptic membrane
A specialized area of membrane of the axon terminal that faces the plasma membrane of the neuron or muscle fiber with which the axon terminal establishes a synaptic junction; many synaptic junctions exhibit structural presynaptic characteristics, such as conical, electron-dense internal protrusions, that distinguish it from the remainder of the axon plasma membrane.
cellular_component
cellular_component
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex (sensu Eukarya) A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
PMID:15111107
PMID:11421269
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex (sensu Eukaryota)
The portion of a cell bearing surface projections such as axons, dendrites, cilia, or flagella that includes the nucleus, but excludes all cell projections.
cell soma
cellular_component
Note that 'cell body' and 'cell soma' are not used in the literature for cells that lack projections, nor for some cells (e.g. yeast with mating projections) that do have projections.
cell body
COPII-coated vesicle
ER-Golgi transport vesicle
COPII vesicle
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi transport vesicle
GO:0030138
ER to Golgi transport vesicle
cellular_component
endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport vesicle
A vesicle that mediates transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi complex; bears a coat formed of the COPII coat complex proteins; such vesicles found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state, and are involved in ER to Golgi (anterograde) vesicle transport.
cellular_component
PMID:16172520
PMID:14646196
A complex of five polypeptides in eukaryotes, and two in prokaryotes, that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase.
DNA replication factor C complex
activator 1 complex
RFC complex
MPF complex
PMID:12045216
A complex consisting of a Cdc2-class (also known as Cdc28) cyclin-dependent kinase and an M-phase cyclin such as S. pombe Cdc13p. The MPF complex phosphorylates and activates the anaphase promoting complex (APC).
cellular_component
Golgi membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding any of the compartments of the Golgi apparatus.
cellular_component
One of two multimeric complexes that forms a membrane vesicle coat. COPII is best characterized in S. cerevisiae, where the subunits are called Sar1p, Sec13p, Sec31p, Sec23p, and Sec24p. Vesicles with COPII coats are found associated with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes at steady state.
cellular_component
COPII vesicle coat
A complex of five proteins, designated NELF-A, -B, -C, -D, and -E in human, that can physically associate with RNP polymerase II to induce transcriptional pausing.
PMID:12612062
cellular_component
negative elongation factor complex
NELF complex
cellular_component
chloroplastic endopeptidase Clp complex
A Clp endopeptidase complex located in the chloroplast.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromaffin granule, a specialized secretory vesicle found in the cells of adrenal glands and various other organs, which is concerned with the synthesis, storage, metabolism, and secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
cellular_component
chromaffin granule membrane
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC class II alpha and MHC class II beta chain, and with or without a bound peptide or polysaccharide antigen.
cellular_component
MHC class II protein complex
A ribosome found in the cytosol; this term can also be used to refer to ribosomes associated with the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotic cells. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cytosolic ribosome (sensu Eukaryota)
80S ribosome
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A specialized assembly of proteins that bind to the centromere and also attach to microtubules growing out from centrosomes during mitosis. 'They are involved in the separation of chromosomes into the daughter cells. They are composed of centromere-binding proteins.
kinetochore
This term was made obsolete because its definition was too specific. Kinetochores are also involved in meiosis. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'kinetochore ; GO:0000776' and its children.
cellular_component
telomere
The terminal region of a linear chromosome that includes the telomeric DNA repeats and associated proteins.
chromosome, telomeric region
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
cellular_component
mitochondrial small ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
The smaller of the two subunits of a mitochondrial ribosome.
RENT complex
cellular_component
PMID:12196389
A protein complex that mediates transcriptional silencing at the rDNA locus (the name derives from regulator of nucleolar silencing and telophase). In Saccharomyces the complex contains Net1p, Sir2p, Cdc14p, and at least one more subunit.
HA1 clathrin adaptor
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
AP1
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology was erroneous. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'AP-1 adaptor complex ; GO:0030121'.
cellular_component
Complex that binds interleukin-2; comprises alpha, beta, and gamma subunits.
PMID:8266078
PMID:3116143
interleukin-2 receptor complex
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in a plastid.
plastid ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
cellular_component
vacuole (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
The vacuole is a large, membrane-bound organelle that functions as a reservoir for the storage of small molecules (including polyphosphate, amino acids, several divalent cations (e.g. calcium), other ions, and other small molecules) as well as being the primary compartment for degradation. It is an acidic compartment, containing an ensemble of acid hydrolases. At least in S. cerevisiae, there are indications that the morphology of the vacuole is variable and correlated with the cell cycle, with logarithmically growing cells having a multilobed, reticulated vacuole, while stationary phase cells contain a single large structure. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding an endosome.
endosome membrane
cellular_component
interchromatin granule
ICG
A class of nuclear body measuring 20-25 nm in diameter and distributed throughout the interchromatin space, linked together by thin fibrils. They are believed to be storage centers for various snRNAs, snRNPs, serine/arginine-rich proteins and RNA polymerase II. A typical mammalian cell contains 25-50 clusters of interchromatin granules. Interchromatin granule clusters do not contain the heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
PMID:10984439
Any of the spindle microtubules that attach to the kinetochores of chromosomes by their plus ends, and maneuver the chromosomes during mitotic or meiotic chromosome segregation.
pole-to-kinetochore microtubule
cellular_component
kinetochore microtubule
PMID:12073320
A plasmid commonly found in Saccharomyces, inherited in a non-Mendelian manner and often present in 100-400 copies.
2-micrometer circle DNA
cellular_component
interleukin-12 complex
IL-12 complex
Secreted heterodimeric cytokine complex composed of an interleukin-12 alpha and an interleukin-12 beta subunit.
GOC:ebc
cellular_component
smooth septate junction
PMID:11700298
A septate junction that lacks the regular arrays of electron-dense septae found in pleated septate junctions.
cellular_component
zonula continua
activin complex
cellular_component
Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits, inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta). There are three forms of activin complex, activin A, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-A subunits, activin B, which is composed of 2 inhibin beta-B subunits, and activin AB, which is composed of an inhibin beta-A and an inhibin beta-B subunit.
cellular_component
PMID:9857193
A RNA polymerase I-specific protein complex which in humans has two subunits, tata-binding protein (TBP) and TBP-associated factor 1 (TAF1).
selectivity factor SL1 complex
spliceosome complex
A ribonucleoprotein complex, containing RNA and small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) that is assembled during the splicing of messenger RNA primary transcript to excise an intron.
cellular_component
tubulin complex
cellular_component
A heterodimer of tubulins alpha and beta that constitutes the protomer for microtubule assembly.
follicle-stimulating hormone complex
A gonadotrophic glycoprotein hormone secreted, in mammals, by the anterior pituitary gland; consists of alpha and beta subunits, the latter of which confers hormonal specificity.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A peptidoglycan polymer that forms the shape-determining structure of the cell all of Gram-negative bacteria.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria) ; GO:0009276'.
capsule
murein sacculus
cellular_component
zymogen granule membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a zymogen granule.
cellular_component
ISBN:047142520
The proteinaceous ground substance of plastids.
plastid stroma
female pronucleus
cellular_component
The pronucleus originating from the ovum that is being fertilized.
cytosolic ribosome (sensu Archaea)
cellular_component
The ribosome of an archaeal cell; the archael ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
cellular_component
clathrin coat of coated pit
The coat found on coated pits and the coated vesicles derived from coated pits; comprises clathrin and the AP-2 adaptor complex.
cellular_component
retromer complex, inner shell
One of two subcomplexes that combine to form the retromer, believed to be closely associated with the membrane. In budding yeast the complex comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, and Vps26p.
A homodimeric protein complex that possesses 4-aminobutyrate transaminase activity.
PMID:15528998
GABA-T complex
GABA transaminase complex
ABAT complex
cellular_component
4-aminobutyrate transaminase complex
Any constituent part of the cytoplasm, all of the contents of a cell excluding the plasma membrane and nucleus, but including other subcellular structures.
cytoplasm component
cellular_component
cytoplasmic part
cellular_component
PMID:9531549
A membrane coat found on coated pits and some coated vesicles; consists of polymerized clathrin triskelions, each comprising three clathrin heavy chains and three clathrin light chains, linked to the membrane via one of the AP adaptor complexes.
clathrin coat
clathrin cage
sarcoplasm
The cytoplasm of a muscle fiber; includes the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
cellular_component
insulin-like growth factor ternary complex
A complex of three proteins, which in animals is approximately 150kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF), the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP-3), or -5 (IGFBP-5) and an acid-labile subunit (ALS). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
PMID:12239079
IGF ternary complex
cellular_component
succinate-CoA ligase complex (ADP-forming)
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, composed of an alpha and beta chain, most usually found in (but not limited to) bacteria. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming ATP.
cellular_component
cellular_component
type II fatty acid synthase complex
A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity.
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing enzymes for the degradation of ethanolamine whose purpose is the protection of the rest of the cell from the toxic acetaldehyde product of the enzyme ethanolamine ammonia lyase.
ethanolamine degradation polyhedral organelle
ethanolamine metabolosome
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
snoRNA
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
small nucleolar RNA
cellular_component
cellular_component
nuclear ubiquitin ligase complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex found in the nucleus.
Golgi vesicle membrane
cellular_component
Golgi-associated vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle associated with the Golgi apparatus.
formate dehydrogenase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of formate to produce carbon dioxide (CO2).
EC:1.2.1.2
cellular_component
phosphopyruvate hydratase complex
A multimeric enzyme complex, usually a dimer or an octamer, that catalyzes the conversion of 2-phospho-D-glycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate and water.
enolase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
The nucleus of the female germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
female germ-cell nucleus
female germ cell nucleus
This term was made obsolete because it is unnecessary in the OBO flat file format.
obsolete cellular component
OBSOLETE. These are terms that have been removed from the active component ontology.
cellular_component
GET complex
Golgi to ER Traffic complex
A multisubunit complex involved in ER/Golgi trafficking (Golgi to ER Traffic). In yeast, includes Get1p, Get2p and Get3p proteins.
PMID:16269340
cellular_component
cellular_component
flagellar pocket membrane
That part of the plasma membrane found in the flagellar pocket.
cellular_component
A membrane-bound, cytoplasmic secretory granule found in enzyme-secreting cells and visible by light microscopy. Contain zymogen, an inactive enzyme precursor, often of a digestive enzyme.
zymogen granule
Any of the vesicles of the constitutive secretory pathway, which carry cargo from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi, between Golgi cisternae, and to destinations within or outside the cell.
transport vesicle
Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle
secretory vesicle
Note that the term 'secretory vesicle' is sometimes used in this sense, but can also mean 'secretory granule ; GO:0030141'.
Golgi-plasma membrane transport vesicle
cellular_component
Golgi to vacuole transport vesicle
Golgi to plasma membrane transport vesicle
The nucleus of a megasporocyte, a diploid cell that undergoes meiosis to produce four megaspores, and its descendents.
megaspore mother cell nucleus
megasporocyte nucleus
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of any cisterna of the Golgi apparatus.
cellular_component
Golgi lumen
A constituent part of an intracellular organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, occurring within the cell. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton but excludes the plasma membrane.
cellular_component
intracellular organelle part
organelle lumen
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a particular organelle, e.g. endoplasmic reticulum lumen, or the space between the two lipid bilayers of a double membrane surrounding an organelle, e.g. nuclear membrane lumen.
cuticular plate
PMID:8071151
PMID:2592408
PMID:12485990
A dense network of actin filaments found beneath the apical cell surface of hair cells, and into which stereocilia are inserted.
cellular_component
chaperonin-containing T-complex
TriC
CCT particle
cellular_component
A multisubunit ring-shaped complex that mediates protein folding in the cytosol without a cofactor.
PMID:11580267
bud neck septin structure
Any of a series of septin structures that are localized in the bud neck of a budding fungal cell during the cell cycle.
cellular_component
mitosome
cellular_component
A double-membrane-bounded organelle that functions in iron-sulfur protein maturation; evolutionarily derived from mitochondria.
PMID:14614504
PMID:10361303
crypton
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres of a chromosome in the nucleus.
cellular_component
nuclear telomeric heterochromatin
A protein complex that possesses methane monooxygenase activity; dimeric and trimeric complexes have been characterized.
BRENDA:1.14.13.25
cellular_component
methane monooxygenase complex
cellular_component
U4/U6 x U5 tri-snRNP complex
U4/U6 . U5 snRNP complex
PMID:11867543
A complex composed of three small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, snRNP U4, snRNP U6 and snRNP U5.
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing one or more class XII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; myosin XII contains a large tail region with two MyTH4 domains and a short region of coiled coil.
myosin XII complex
InterPro:IPR000701
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind/react with quinones. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
succinate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
calcium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
ISBN:019859951
A heterodimeric calcium ion and calmodulin dependent protein phosphatase composed of catalytic and regulatory subunits; the regulatory subunit is very similar in sequence to calmodulin.
protein phosphatase type 2B complex
cellular_component
calcineurin complex
A tubular, hourglass-shaped structure composed of highly ordered arrays of septin filaments; in budding yeast cells, the septin collar forms from the initial septin ring by expanding into the daughter cell.
septin collar
cellular_component
symmetric synapse
cellular_component
A type of synapse occurring primarily on dendrite shafts and neuronal cell bodies. Symmetric synapses involve axons containing clusters of predominantly flattened or elongated vesicles and do not contain a prominent postsynaptic density.
Any constituent part of a virion, a complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
virion part
cellular_component
chromatophore membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a chromatophore, a pigment-bearing vesicle found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria.
PMID:11867431
cellular_component
vacuolar carboxypeptidase Y
A closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
vacuole
cellular_component
cellular_component
presynaptic cytomatrix assembled at active zones
presynaptic cytoskeletal matrix assembled at active zones
PMID:10944438
GOC:dl
GOC:dh
The specialized cytoskeletal matrix assembled at the active zones of the presynaptic nerve terminal. The cytoskeletal matrix is a proteinaceous structure involved in organizing synaptic events such as immobilisation or translocation of synaptic vesicles, and assembling active zone components. The cytomatrix protein exclusively assembled at active zones, is thought to form a molecular scaffold that organizes neurotransmitter release sites.
CAZ
cellular_component
BRENDA:1.17.4.1
An enzyme complex composed of 2-4 or more subunits, which usually contains nonheme iron and requires ATP for catalysis. Catalyzes the formation of 2'-deoxyribonucleoside diphosphate and thioredoxin disulfide from ribonucleoside diphosphate and thioredoxin.
ribonucleoside-diphosphate reductase complex
platelet alpha granule membrane
platelet alpha-granule membrane
PMID:8467233
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet alpha granule.
cellular_component
Any protein complex that interacts with RNA polymerase II to increase (positive transcription elongation factor) or reduce (negative transcription elongation factor) the rate of transcription elongation.
cellular_component
transcription elongation factor complex
cellular_component
A clathrin coat found on an endocytic vesicle.
clathrin coat of endocytic vesicle
clathrin coat of endocytotic vesicle
Vesicular particles formed from disrupted endoplasmic reticulum membranes and studded with ribosomes on the outside.
cellular_component
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
rough microsome
GO:0016470
respiratory chain complex V (sensu Eukaryota)
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
The complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in mitochondria, during oxidative phosphorylation; it catalyzes the hydrolysis of ATP to ADP and orthophosphate. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
gamma-delta T cell receptor complex
cellular_component
gamma-delta TCR complex
gamma-delta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
gamma-delta T-cell receptor complex
gamma-delta T lymphocyte receptor complex
The eubacterial DNA-directed RNA polymerase is a multisubunit complex with a core composed of the essential subunits beta-prime, beta, and two copies of alpha and a fifth nonessential subunit called omega. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition and specificity. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
PMID:11158566
cytosolic DNA-directed RNA polymerase (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
MSH2/MSH6 complex
MMR complex
MutSalpha complex
A heterodimer involved in the recognition and repair of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MSH2 and MSH6.
cellular_component
The nucleus of a host cell.
cellular_component
host cell nucleus
A structure comprised of a core structure (in most organisms, a pair of centrioles) and peripheral material from which a microtubule-based structure, such as a spindle apparatus, is organized. Centrosomes occur close to the nucleus during interphase in many eukaryotic cells, though in animal cells it changes continually during the cell-division cycle.
centrosome
cellular_component
cullin-RING ligase 1
CDL1 complex
SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
SCF complex substrate recognition subunit
CRL1 complex
cellular_component
Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
SCF complex
Cul1-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase complex
Complex that possesses ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity.
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'ferredoxin:thioredoxin reductase activity ; GO:0030385'.
cellular_component
zonula adherens
intermediate junction
belt desmosome
Cell-cell adherens junction which forms a continuous belt near the apex of epithelial cells.
cellular_component
The name given to a viral genome after it has been integrated into the host genome; particularly applies to retroviruses and is a required part of the retroviral replication cycle.
cellular_component
provirus
secondary granule
specific granule
PMID:7334549
Granule with a membranous, tubular internal structure, found primarily in mature neutrophil cells. Most are released into the extracellular fluid. Specific granules contain lactoferrin, lysozyme, vitamin B12 binding protein and elastase.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the activity dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is held by a single protein (Lpd1 in yeast), which is one of the components of three different complexes: 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase, pyruvate dehydrogenase, and branch chain amino acid dehydrogenase, so dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase is not a complex itself. To update annotations, consider the molecular function term 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148' and the cellular component terms 'alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0045240' and 'pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0045254'.
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
OBSOLETE. Complex that possesses dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity.
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
secondary cell wall
A plant cell wall that is no longer able to expand and so does not permit growth. Secondary cell walls contain less pectin that primary cell walls. The secondary cell is mostly composed of cellulose and is strengthened with lignin.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (quinone) (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity, as in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
enterobactin synthetase complex
A multienzyme complex usually composed of four proteins, EntB, EntD, EntE and EntF. Plays a role in the enterobactin biosynthesis pathway.
UniProtKB:P15048
cellular_component
enterochelin synthetase complex
perinuclear membrane
nuclear outer membrane
outer envelope
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope; continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum of the cell and sometimes studded with ribosomes.
cellular_component
fibrinogen beta chain
GO:0008006
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'fibrinogen complex ; GO:0005577'.
cellular_component
A body found in cells where the endoplasmic reticulum is located several micrometers from the Golgi complex, formed from COP II coated vesicles that fuse with each other shortly after their formation.
ER-Golgi intermediate compartment
cellular_component
pre-Golgi intermediate compartment
ERGIC
endoplasmic reticulum-Golgi intermediate compartment
cellular_component
peroxisomal part
Any constituent part of a peroxisome, a small, membrane-bounded organelle that uses dioxygen (O2) to oxidize organic molecules; contains some enzymes that produce and others that degrade hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
peroxisome component
cellular_component
CD95 death-inducing signaling complex
Fas death-inducing signaling complex
CD95 DISC
CD95 death-inducing signalling complex
A protein complex formed upon binding of Fas/CD95/APO-1 to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1, procaspase-8/10 and c-FLIP in addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
peroxisome targeting signal receptor complex
cellular_component
RNA polymerase I upstream activating factor complex
A complex required for the transcription of rDNA by RNA polymerase I. In yeast the complex consists of Rrrn5p, Rrn9p, Rrn10p, histones H3 and H4, and Uaf30p.
PMID:11500378
cellular_component
UAF
suberin network
Fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants. Renders the cell wall impervious to water.
cellular_component
See also the cellular component terms 'sarcoplasm ; GO:0016528', 'nuclear envelope ; GO:0005635' and 'endoplasmic reticulum ; GO:0005783'.
A fine reticular network of membrane-limited elements that pervades the sarcoplasm of a muscle fiber; continuous over large portions of the cell and with the nuclear envelope; an endoplasmic reticulum specialized for the sequestration of calcium ions.
GO:0008221
sarcoplasmic reticulum
cellular_component
PMID:12181570
A heterotetrameric complex that includes orthologues of human PIR121, Nap125 and HSPC300 and regulates actin polymerization and/or depolymerization through small GTPase mediated signal transduction.
WAVE complex
cellular_component
SCAR complex
cellular_component
http://pathmicro.med.sc.edu/fox/cell_envelope.htm
Everything external to, but not including, the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria, encompassing the periplasmic space, cell wall, and outer membrane if present.
cell envelope
cellular_component
Polycomb repressive complex 1
An insect multiprotein complex containing the products of many of the Polycomb Group genes including Polycomb, Posterior sex combs, polyhomeotic and Sex comb on midleg. The Polycomb Group proteins are required for stable long-term maintenance of transcriptionally repressed states and the PRC1 complex directly antagonizes ATP-dependent remodeling of nucleosomal arrays.
PMID:10412979
PRC1 complex
The external part of the cell wall and/or plasma membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
cellular_component
cell surface (sensu Magnoliophyta)
tight junction
A belt-like region of very close contact between the plasma membranes of adjacent cells so that the intercellular space is completely occluded. They occur in epithelia and brain endothelia.
cellular_component
zonula occludens
Kdp system complex
cellular_component
potassium ion-transporting ATPase complex
TIGR_TIGRFAMS:TIGR01497
PMID:9858692
PMID:10608856
Protein complex that carries out the reaction: ATP + H2O + K+(out) = ADP + phosphate + K+(in). It is a high affinity potassium uptake system. The E. coli complex consists of 4 proteins: KdpA is the potassium ion translocase, KdpB is the ATPase, and KdpC and KdpF seem to be involved in assembly and stabilization of the complex.
laminin complex
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha, beta and gamma. Provides an integral part of the structural scaffolding of basement membranes.
http://www.sdbonline.org/fly/newgene/laminna1.htm
cellular_component
myosin XV complex
A myosin complex containing a class XV myosin heavy chain and associated light chains. Myosin XV is single headed, and has a large extension (1200aa) at the N-terminus of the motor domain, two IQ motifs and a tail with a similar domain structure to that of the tail of myosin VII.
Extra Sex Combs/Enhancer of Zeste complex
cellular_component
PMID:12408864
PMID:12408863
A multimeric protein complex that can methylate lysine-27 and lysine-9 residues of histone H3. In Drosophila the core subunits of the complex include ESC, E(Z), CAF1 (NURF-55) and SU(Z)12.
ESC/E(Z) complex
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
pseudohyphal septin ring
cellular_component
PMID:15194814
Cell wall structures composed of linear polysaccharides which are deposited at both sides of the primary septum at 90 degrees to the primary septum. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
secondary cell septum (sensu Fungi)
secondary septum (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
nucleosome remodeling and histone deacetylation complex
NRD complex
Mi-2 complex
An approximately 2 MDa multi-subunit complex that exhibits ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling activity in addition to histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity, and has been shown to establish transcriptional repression of a number of target genes in both vertebrates and invertebrates. Amongst its subunits, the NuRD complex contains histone deacetylases, histone binding proteins and Mi-2-like proteins.
NuRD complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
complement component C1q complex
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Eukaryota)
proton-transporting ATP synthase, catalytic core (sensu Eukaryota)
The hexamer that possesses the catalytic activity of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a type of gene product and not a location or complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'viral envelope ; GO:0019031'.
viral glycoprotein
chromoplast envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the chromoplast and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
cellular_component
A heterodimer consisting of a large subunit, responsible for the catalytic activities, and a small accessory subunit. Functions in the replication and repair of mitochondrial DNA.
PMID:12045093
cellular_component
gamma DNA polymerase complex
A collagen heterotrimer containing type IV alpha chains; [alpha1(IV)]2alpha2(IV) trimers are commonly observed, although more type IV alpha chains exist and may be present in type IV trimers; type IV collagen triple helices associate to form nets within basement membranes.
collagen type IV
cellular_component
pigment granule
cellular_component
A small, subcellular membrane-bound vesicle containing pigment and/or pigment precursor molecules. Pigment granule biogenesis is poorly understood, as pigment granules are derived from multiple sources including the endoplasmic reticulum, coated vesicles, lysosomes, and endosomes.
GOC:mh
EC2S complex
SCF5 complex
cullin-RING ligase 5
CRL5 complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul5 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
Cul5-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
cellular_component
CDL5 complex
isopropylmalate isomerase complex
See also the molecular function term '3-isopropylmalate dehydratase activity ; GO:0003861'.
cellular_component
UniProtKB:Q8TW31
BRENDA:4.2.1.33
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of subunits leuC and leuD. Catalyzes the isomerization between 2-isopropylmalate and 3-isopropylmalate, via the formation of 2-isopropylmaleate.
3-isopropylmalate dehydratase complex
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha2, beta1 and gamma1.
laminin-2 complex
The living contents of a cell; the matter contained within (but not including) the plasma membrane, usually taken to exclude large vacuoles and masses of secretory or ingested material. In eukaryotes it includes the nucleus and cytoplasm.
intracellular
protoplasm
cellular_component
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin other non-tubulin proteins that forms a flexible open ring structure thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule.
gammaTuRC
cellular_component
gamma-tubulin ring complex
An inclusion body resulting from dynein-dependent retrograde transport of an aggregated protein on microtubules.
cellular_component
aggresome
peribacteroid fluid
cellular_component
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome.
cellular_component
mating projection tip polarisome
Protein complex that has a role in determining cell polarity, found at the tip of the mating projection in unicellular fungi exposed to mating pheromone.
PMID:14734532
cellular_component
thylakoid membrane
The pigmented membrane of any thylakoid.
A secretory organelle found in blood platelets, which is unique in that it exhibits further compartmentalization and acquires its protein content via two distinct mechanisms: (1) biosynthesis predominantly at the megakaryocyte (MK) level (with some vestigial platelet synthesis) (e.g. platelet factor 4) and (2) endocytosis and pinocytosis at both the MK and circulating platelet levels (e.g. fibrinogen (Fg) and IgG).
platelet alpha-granule
platelet alpha granule
cellular_component
cellular_component
oral apparatus
Complex basket- or funnel-like structure used by the cell to collect food and channel it to the cytostome; includes specialized sub-structures made up of closely-spaced cilia and underlying basal bodies and fibrillar systems.
Note that this term refers to a subcellular structure characteristic of ciliate protozoans, and should not be confused with oral anatomical structures of multicellular animals.
phagolysosome
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by maturation of an early phagosome following the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis; during maturation, phagosomes acquire markers of late endosomes and lysosomes.
PMID:12388753
late phagosome
late phagocytic vesicle
cellular_component
nuclear membrane part
Any constituent part of the nuclear membrane, the envelope that surrounds the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.
cellular_component
cellular_component
extrinsic to endosome membrane
Loosely bound to one surface of the endosome membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
EC:3.6.3.14
A multisubunit non-phosphorylated ATPase that is involved in the transport of ions. Large enzymes of mitochondria, chloroplasts and bacteria with a membrane sector (F0, V0, A0) and a cytoplasmic compartment sector (F1, V1, A1). The F-type enzymes of the inner mitochondrial and thylakoid membranes act as ATP synthases. All of the enzymes included here operate in a rotational mode, where the extramembrane sector (containing 3 a and 3 b subunits) is connected via the d-subunit to the membrane sector by several smaller subunits. Within this complex, the g and e subunits, as well as the 9-12 c subunits rotate by consecutive 120 degree angles and perform parts of ATP synthesis. This movement is driven by the hydrogen ion electrochemical potential gradient. The V-type (in vacuoles and clathrin-coated vesicles) and A-type (archebacterial) enzymes have a similar structure but, under physiological conditions, they pump hydrogen ion rather than synthesize ATP.
cellular_component
vacuolar hydrogen-transporting ATPase
proton-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
hydrogen-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
intraflagellar transport particle A
cellular_component
The smaller subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights of 710-760 kDa.
PMID:14570576
cellular_component
DNA polymerase V complex
cellular_component
importin alpha-subunit nuclear export complex
A protein complex which usually consists of three components, e.g. in Xenopus, the importin alpha-subunit/CAS/Ran, and which functions to shuttle the importin alpha-subunit out of the nucleus through the nuclear pore.
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope.
chromoplast outer membrane
cellular_component
Golgi apparatus
cellular_component
Golgi complex
A compound membranous cytoplasmic organelle of eukaryotic cells, consisting of flattened, ribosome-free vesicles arranged in a more or less regular stack. The Golgi apparatus differs from the endoplasmic reticulum in often having slightly thicker membranes, appearing in sections as a characteristic shallow semicircle so that the convex side (cis or entry face) abuts the endoplasmic reticulum, secretory vesicles emerging from the concave side (trans or exit face). In vertebrate cells there is usually one such organelle, while in invertebrates and plants, where they are known usually as dictyosomes, there may be several scattered in the cytoplasm. The Golgi apparatus processes proteins produced on the ribosomes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum; such processing includes modification of the core oligosaccharides of glycoproteins, and the sorting and packaging of proteins for transport to a variety of cellular locations. Three different regions of the Golgi are now recognized both in terms of structure and function: cis, in the vicinity of the cis face, trans, in the vicinity of the trans face, and medial, lying between the cis and trans regions.
Golgi ribbon
Golgi
Note that the Golgi apparatus can be located in various places in the cytoplasm. In plants and lower animal cells, the Golgi apparatus exists as many copies of discrete stacks dispersed throughout the cytoplasm, while the Golgi apparatus of interphase mammalian cells is a juxtanuclear, often pericentriolar reticulum, where the discrete Golgi stacks are stitched together to form a compact and interconnected ribbon, sometimes called the Golgi ribbon.
RNA polymerase II transcribed untranslated RNA
cellular_component
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
A viral genome composed of ribonucleic acid. This results in genome replication and expression of genetic information being inextricably linked.
RNA viral genome
cellular_component
nuclear lumen
The volume enclosed by the nuclear inner membrane.
cellular_component
serine-pyruvate aminotransferase, type 2B complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of hydroxypyruvate and alanine from serine and pyruvate.
A multisubunit hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase. F-type ATPases have 2 components, CF(1), the catalytic core, and CF(0), the membrane proton channel. CF(1) has five subunits, alpha(3), beta(3), gamma(1), delta(1), and epsilon(1). CF(0) has three main subunits, a, b and c. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
UniProtKB:P60112
cellular_component
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle
cellular_component
A clathrin-coated, membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed by invagination of the plasma membrane around an extracellular substance.
cellular_component
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at silenced mating-type loci.
mating-type region heterochromatin
cell wall (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
The peptidoglycan layer of the Gram-negative cell envelope. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is relatively thin (approximately 2 nm) and is linked to the outer membrane by lipoproteins. In Gram-negative cells the peptidoglycan is too thin to retain the primary stain in the Gram staining procedure and therefore cells appear red after Gram stain. As in but not restricted to the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
murein sacculus
peptidoglycan
cell wall (sensu Proteobacteria)
cell wall inner membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
A plastid whose main function is to synthesize and store starch.
amyloplast
A structure found in a female mammalian cell containing an unpaired X chromosome that has become densely heterochromatic, silenced and localized at the nuclear periphery.
Barr body
cellular_component
receptor complex
cellular_component
Any protein group composed of two or more subunits, which may or may not be identical, which undergoes combination with a hormone, neurotransmitter, drug or intracellular messenger to initiate a change in cell function.
A hemiadherens junction (HAJ) that forms juctions such that HAJs in opposing cells are separated by only 30-40nm, with a thin line of extracellular electron-dense material in between; found where muscles attach to epidermal cells directly (in insects).
http://flybase.bio.indiana.edu/allied-data/lk/interactive-fly/aignfam/junction.htm
connecting hemi-adherens junction
cellular_component
microspike
cellular_component
Thin, stiff protrusion extended by the leading edge of a motile cell such as a crawling fibroblast or amoeba, or an axonal growth cone; usually approximately 0.1 um wide, 5-10 um long, can be up to 50 um long in axon growth cones; contains a loose bundle of about 20 actin filaments oriented with their plus ends pointing outward.
filopodium
GO:0030028
PMID:12756248
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. The human complex contains the Hps1 and Hps4 proteins.
cellular_component
BLOC-3 complex
cellular_component
CAMK2
calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
CaMKII
An enzyme complex which in eukaryotes is composed of four different chains: alpha, beta, gamma, and delta. The different isoforms assemble into homo- or heteromultimeric holoenzymes composed of 8 to 12 subunits. Catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins to O-phosphoproteins.
UniProtKB:Q9UQM7
EC:2.7.1.123
calcium- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase complex
transcription-activating factor, 30kD
transcription factor TFIID complex
ISBN:0879695501
ISBN:0471953393
A complex composed of TATA binding protein (TBP) and TBP associated factors (TAFs); the total mass is typically about 800 kDa. Most of the TAFs are conserved across species. In TATA-containing promoters for RNA polymerase II (Pol II), TFIID is believed to recognize at least two distinct elements, the TATA element and a downstream promoter element. TFIID is also involved in recognition of TATA-less Pol II promoters. Binding of TFIID to DNA is necessary but not sufficient for transcription initiation from most RNA polymerase II promoters.
cellular_component
ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
A homotetrameric that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity; as in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
Discrete structures that partition the yolk of oocytes and ova, which may or may not be membrane enclosed.
http://148.216.10.83/cellbio/eggs.htm
yolk granule
cellular_component
fimbrial tip
The pointed extremity furthest from the cell of a fimbrium.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because the 'complex' it refers to contains only one gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex ; GO:0009655'.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIa subcomplex
cellular_component
A thin sheet of proteoglycans and glycoproteins, especially laminin, secreted by cells as an extracellular matrix.
basement lamina
basal lamina
cellular_component
cellular_component
Any complex that includes a dimer of molecules from the kinesin superfamily and any associated proteins, and moves towards the plus end of a microtubule.
plus-end kinesin complex
host bacteroid-containing symbiosome
cellular_component
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants, of a host cell.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during metaphase. Typically, sister chromatids are held together at their centromeres and chromosomes are covered with a large number of molecules, including ribonucleoproteins.
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'condensed chromosome ; GO:0000793' and the cellular component term 'condensed nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000794'.
metaphase chromosome
cellular_component
Invagination of the plasma membrane of a muscle cell that extends inward from the cell surface around each myofibril. The ends of T-tubules make contact with the sarcoplasmic reticulum membrane.
cellular_component
T-tubule
The space enclosed by the double membrane of an etioplast but excluding the prothylakoid space. It contains the etioplast DNA.
etioplast stroma
cellular_component
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles. It comprises numerous regularly arranged subunits, or capsomeres.
viral capsid
cellular_component
holo-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase complex
fatty acid synthase complex
cellular_component
ISBN:0716746840
A multienzyme complex required to convert carbohydrates to fatty acids, specifically acetyl CoA to palmitate.
The region between the two lipid bilayers of the nuclear envelope; 20-40 nm wide.
nuclear intermembrane space
nuclear membrane lumen
cellular_component
nuclear envelope lumen
GO:0005653
perinuclear space
Note that this term should not be confused with the cellular component term 'perinuclear region ; GO:0048471'.
inner envelope
cellular_component
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the nuclear envelope.
nuclear inner membrane
voltage-dependent potassium channel complex
voltage gated potassium channel complex
voltage-sensitive potassium channel complex
cellular_component
voltage-gated potassium channel complex
cellular_component
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U4; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
snRNP U4
polysomal ribosome
cellular_component
active ribosome
A ribosome bound to mRNA that forms part of a polysome.
cellular_component
mitochondrial rRNA
Note that this term was deleted from GO rather than being made obsolete and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
A protein complex that possesses ribonuclease H activity, in which the catalytic subunit is a member of the RNase H2 (or HII) class. For example, in Saccharomyces the complex contains Rnh201p, Rnh202p and Rnh203p.
PMID:14734815
cellular_component
RNase H2 complex
ribonuclease H2 complex
cellular_component
dosage compensation complex (sensu Insecta)
An RNA-protein complex localized to the X chromosome of males where it is required for the hyper-transcriptional activation of the X chromosome. As in, but not restricted to, the true insects (Insecta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:50557).
TAP complex
cellular_component
A heterodimer composed of the subunits TAP1 and TAP2 (transporter associated with antigen presentation). Functions in the transport of antigenic peptides from the cytosol to the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum.
PMID:10618487
transporter associated with antigen presentation
PMID:11299338
The protein transport machinery of the chloroplast outer membrane that contains at least three components Toc159, Toc75 and Toc34, interacts with precursor proteins which are imported into the chloroplast in a GTP dependant manner.
chloroplast outer membrane translocon
cellular_component
An actin-based protrusion from the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Bundles of stereocilia act as mechanosensory organelles.
PMID:7840137
PMID:15661519
stereocilium
cellular_component
Lands
cellular_component
UniProtKB:Q13342
A class of nuclear body (Lands = LYSP100-associated nuclear domains); they are globular, electron-dense structures that may traffic between the nucleus and cytoplasm; they react against SP140 auto-antibodies.
yeast-form cell wall
The cell wall surrounding a fungal cell in the single-cell, or yeast, form.
cellular_component
See also the Fungal Anatomy Ontology term 'vegetative cell ; FAO:0000032'.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane and occurring within the cell. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
cellular_component
intracellular membrane-bound organelle
PMID:17021180
The end of a stereocilium bundle, distal to the site of the bundle's attachment to the apical cell surface.
stereocilium bundle tip
stereocilium tip
cellular_component
immature spore
prospore
forespore
A cell or part of the cell that constitutes an early developmental stage of a spore, a small reproductive body that is highly resistant to desiccation and heat and is capable of growing into a new organism, produced especially by certain bacteria, fungi, algae, and nonflowering plants.
cellular_component
An integral membrane complex containing the P680 reaction center. In the light, PSII functions as a water-plastoquinone oxidoreductase, transferring electrons from water to plastoquinone.
cellular_component
photosystem II
The complex formed by the catalytic subunit of protein phosphatase 4 plus a regulatory subunit.
PMID:10026142
protein phosphatase 4 complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
dense granule membrane (sensu Apicomplexa)
The lipid bilayer surrounding a dense granule of the type found in apicomplexan parasites. As in, but not restricted to, the apicomplexans (Apicomplexa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:5794).
sperm cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
OBSOLETE. The nucleus of a plant pollen cell, the male gamete, and its descendents.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the definition was incorrect. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'generative cell nucleus ; GO:0048555'.
pollen germ-cell nucleus
pollen germ cell nucleus
RNA polymerase I transcription factor complex
A transcription factor complex that acts at promoters of genes transcribed by RNA polymerase I.
cellular_component
PMID:1148398
The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
outer kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a glyoxysome.
glyoxysomal membrane
glyoxysome membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis.
proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
replication fork (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
cellular_component
One of several protein complexes involved in nucleotide-excision repair; possesses damaged DNA binding activity.
Note that process and function information are included in the term and definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex.
NEF2 complex
nucleotide-excision repair factor 2 complex
cellular_component
integral to mitochondrial outer membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
A heterotetrameric that possesses ADPG pyrophosphorylase activity; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
viral tegument
A structure lying between the capsid and envelope of a virus, varying in thickness and often distributed asymmetrically.
cellular_component
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex II (sensu Bacteria)
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of septins and associated proteins. Includes septin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
septin cytoskeleton
cellular_component
actin tubule
cellular_component
A cellular structure, approximately 13 nm in diameter, consisting of three actin filaments bundled together.
N-terminal acetyltransferase C complex
NatC complex
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Ile, Met-Leu, Met-Trp, or Met-Phe N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Mak3p, Mak10p, and Mak31p.
cellular_component
cellular_component
vacuolar lumen (sensu Magnoliophyta)
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane; as in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
cellular_component
A small compartment found in photosynthetic Chlorobiaceae bacteria. It contains bacteriochlorophyll c and is attached to the cytoplasmic membrane.
chlorosome
vacuolar membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding the vacuole and separating its contents from the cytoplasm of the cell.
condensed chromosome, pericentric region
The central region of a condensed chromosome that includes the centromere and associated proteins, including the kinetochore.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'centromere ; GO:0005698'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific region of the chromosome and not a protein complex.
cellular_component
condensed chromosome, centromere
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'fibrinogen complex ; GO:0005577'.
cellular_component
fibrinogen alpha chain
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
GO:0008005
A clathrin coat found on a vesicle.
clathrin vesicle coat
cellular_component
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter activity
mating pheromone exporter
ABC-type uptake permease activity
ABC-type efflux permease activity
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter complex
A complex for the transport of metabolites into and out of the cell, typically comprised of four domains; two membrane-associated domains and two ATP-binding domains at the intracellular face of the membrane, that form a central pore through the plasma membrane. Each of the four core domains may be encoded as a separate polypeptide or the domains can be fused in any one of a number of ways into multidomain polypeptides. In bacteria and archaebacteria, ABC transporters also recruit substrate binding proteins to bind substrate external to the cell and deliver it to the transporter.
cellular_component
ABC-type efflux porter activity
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'cytoplasmic dynein complex ; GO:0005868'.
cellular_component
PMID:9774831
PMID:8187178
PMID:11114191
PMID:10384286
A protein complex that enables the RNA polymerase II-general RNA polymerase II transcription factor complex to react to transcriptional activator proteins; also enhances the level of basal transcription.
mediator complex
TRAP complex
cellular_component
lateral loop
cellular_component
Non-compact myelin located adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier in a myelin segment. These non-compact regions include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for synthesizing the myelin. Lateral loops are found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier, while Schmidt-Lantermann clefts are analogous structures found within the compact myelin internode.
The region of a proplastid to which the DNA is confined.
proplastid nucleoid
cellular_component
viral portal complex
cellular_component
PMID:11602732
A multimeric ring of proteins through which the DNA enters and exits the viral capsid.
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the mitochondrial envelope. It is highly folded to form cristae.
cellular_component
mitochondrial inner membrane
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P1 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content; they contain fewer peroxisomal proteins than the other subforms.
P1 peroxisome
peroxisome vesicle
cellular_component
An enzyme complex composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer, and both are associated with metal ions, which differ between species. Both proteins are required for the enzyme activity of the complex, the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
MetaCyc:CPLX-525
MetaCyc:CPLX-186
nitrogenase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the catalytic activity resides in a single polypeptide that is not part of a complex with other gene products.
OBSOLETE. A heterodimeric enzyme composed of an alpha and beta subunit. Catalyzes the formation of L-2-aminoadipate from L-2-aminoadipate 6-semialdehyde.
UniProtKB:Q12572
EC:1.2.1.31
aminoadipate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase complex
cellular_component
complement component C2 complex
cellular_component
VFT tethering complex
GARP complex
A quatrefoil tethering complex required for retrograde traffic from the early endosome back to the late Golgi and biogenesis of cytoplasmic vesicles.
PMID:12446664
PMID:12077354
PMID:10637310
GOC:rn
Golgi associated retrograde protein complex
Vps fifty three tethering complex
organelle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding an organelle.
cellular_component
glycogen particle
cellular_component
Cytoplasmic bead-like structures of animal cells, visible by electron microscope. Each granule is a functional unit with the biosynthesis and catabolism of glycogen being catalyzed by enzymes bound to the granule surface.
PMID:12179957
http://148.216.10.83/cellbio/the_mi19.gif
glycogen granule
cellular_component
A vesicle that mediates transport of cargo within the Golgi complex (for example, between cisternae of the Golgi stack).
inter-Golgi transport vesicle
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated F0 proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
CRL4 complex
SCF4 complex
Cul4A-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
CDL4 complex
cullin-RING ligase 4A
cellular_component
DCX complex
VDC complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4A subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an adaptor protein.
endosome lumen
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of an endosome.
cellular_component
organelle
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton. Excludes the plasma membrane.
Any constituent part of the cytoskeleton, a cellular scaffolding or skeleton that maintains cell shape, enables some cell motion (using structures such as flagella and cilia), and plays important roles in both intra-cellular transport (e.g. the movement of vesicles and organelles) and cellular division. Includes constituent parts of intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice.
cellular_component
cytoskeleton component
cytoskeletal part
cellular_component
ISBN:052131687
Plastid type found in Glaucophyta having unstacked thylakoid membranes bearing phycobilisomes; cyanelles are bound by a double membrane and a peptidoglycan layer.
cyanelle
cellular_component
synaptic bouton
bouton
terminal button
Terminal inflated portion of the axon, containing the specialized apparatus necessary to release neurotransmitters.
female germ-cell nucleus (sensu Animalia)
cellular_component
The nucleus of the female germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
female germ cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
PMID:16153240
A transmembrane protein complex composed of an MHC alpha chain and, in most cases, either an MHC class II beta chain or an invariant beta2-microglobin chain, and with or without a bound peptide, lipid, or polysaccharide antigen
MHC protein complex
cellular_component
The migrating motile tip of a growing nerve cell axon or dendrite.
growth cone
cellular_component
parasitophorous vacuolar membrane network
cellular_component
PMID:3528173
Tubular network of extensions from the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane that protrude into the host cytoplasm.
tubulovesicular network
cellular_component
megasome
PMID:1999020
PMID:11206117
Large, cysteine proteinase rich lysosomes, often found in the amastigote (an intracytoplasmic, nonflagellated form of the parasite) stage of Leishmania species belonging to the mexicana complex.
cellular_component
ATP-sensitive potassium channel complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'cytoplasmic dynein complex ; GO:0005868'.
cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain
pseudopodium
A temporary protrusion or retractile process of a cell, associated with flowing movements of the protoplasm, and serving for locomotion and feeding.
cellular_component
pseudopod
An adherens junction which connects a cell to the extracellular matrix.
cellular_component
cell-substrate adherens junction
IGF binding protein complex
A complex of proteins which includes the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and a number of IGF-binding proteins. The complex plays a role in growth and development.
cellular_component
insulin-like growth factor binding protein complex
intrinsic to external side of outer membrane
cellular_component
Located in the outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side opposite to the side that faces the periplasm.
punctum adherens
cellular_component
dense plaque
spot adherens junction
A small junction assombled during the cellularization stage of insect embyrogenesis; spot adherens junctions later fuse to form the zonula adherens.
A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during meiosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the mitotic cohesin complex.
PMID:12750522
meiotic cohesin complex
cellular_component
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). Found in eukaryotes. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
respiratory chain complex IV (sensu Eukaryota)
cytochrome c oxidase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
GO:0005752
GINS complex
cellular_component
Go, Ichi, Ni and San complex
PMID:12730134
A multisubunit complex that associates with replication origins and is required for the initiation of DNA replication.
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex IV (sensu Bacteria)
cytochrome c oxidase complex (sensu Bacteria)
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the 13 polypeptide subunits of cytochrome c oxidase, including cytochrome a and cytochrome a3. Catalyzes the oxidation of reduced cytochrome c by dioxygen (O2). As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
GO:0045288
septin cap
cellular_component
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in germ tubes and hyphae in fungal cells growing filamentiously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
cellular_component
invertasome
A complex formed by a recombinase, a regulatory protein, and the DNA sequences bound by each protein; catalyzes a reversible site-specific recombination reaction that results in the alternate expression of one or more genes in various contexts.
PMID:9732277
PMID:11114897
Located in the nuclear inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
intrinsic to nuclear inner membrane
apoplast
The protoplasts of cells in a plant are connected through plasmodesmata, and plants may be described as having two major compartments: the living symplast and the non-living apoplast. The apoplast is external to the plasma membrane and includes cell walls, intercellular spaces and the lumen of dead structures such as xylem vessels. Water and solutes pass freely through it.
cellular_component
cellular_component
A complex thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
gamma-tubulin large complex (sensu Metazoa)
SCF7 complex
cullin-RING ligase 7
CRL7 complex
CDL7 complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul7 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 linker and an F-box protein.
Cul7-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
clathrin adaptor
membrane coat adaptor complex
Any of several heterotetrameric complexes that link clathrin (or another coat-forming molecule, as hypothesized for AP-3 and AP-4) to a membrane surface; they are found on coated pits and coated vesicles, and mediate sorting of cargo proteins into vesicles.
dense core granule
PMID:14690495
Electron-dense organelle found in ciliates, with a granular internal matrix; contains proteins destined to be secreted.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Golgi-ER transport vesicle
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'Golgi to ER transport vesicle ; GO:0030142'.
cellular_component
cellular_component
A small pore in the outer wall of a mycelial spore through which the germ tube exits upon germination. It can be apical or eccentric in its location.
germination pore
germ pore
polytene chromosome chromocenter
polytene chromosome chromocentre
A region at which the centric regions of polytene chromosomes are joined together.
cellular_component
cellular_component
clathrin adaptor complex
A membrane adaptor complex that links clathrin to a membrane.
intrinsic to plastid inner membrane
Located in a plastid inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Stable structure that regulates the flow of liquid between the contractile vacuole and the surrounding medium.
contractile vacuole pore
cellular_component
The environmental space outside of an organism; this may be a host organism in the case of parasitic and symbiotic organisms.
extraorganismal space
colicin
Any small opening in a membrane that allows the passage of gases and/or liquids.
pore complex
cellular_component
channel-forming toxin activity
pore
pore-forming toxin activity
extrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
extrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
cellular_component
Loosely bound to one surface of the outer membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
cellular_component
isoamylase complex
debranching enzyme complex
debranching enzyme
A protein complex whose composition varies amongst species; in rice it probably exists in a homo-tetramer to homo-hexamer form and in Gram-negative bacteria as a dimer. Functions in the hydrolysis of alpha-(1,6)-D-glucosidic branch linkages.
PMID:10333591
PMID:11282021
A hexameric protein complex required for the initiation and regulation of DNA replication.
MCM complex
cellular_component
mini-chromosome maintenance complex
cellular_component
nuclear proteasome complex
A proteasome found in the nucleus of a cell.
A branching protoplasmic process of a neuron that receive and integrate signals coming from axons of other neurons, and convey the resulting signal to the body of the cell.
cellular_component
dendrite
cellular_component
ER membrane
endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the endoplasmic reticulum.
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a leucoplast.
leucoplast stroma
cellular_component
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it was positioned incorrectly. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'coated vesicle ; GO:0030135'.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
coated vesicle
Type III restriction enzyme complex
A heterodimeric enzyme complex composed of two subunits, Res and Mod, that functions as an endonuclease and cleaves DNA. Cleavage will only occur when there are two un-methylated copies of a specific recognition site in an inverse orientation on the DNA. Cleavage occurs at a specific distance away from one of the recognition sites. The Mod subunit can act alone as a methyltansferase. DNA restriction systems such as this are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
Type III site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
cellular_component
A complex of alpha- and beta-dystrobrevin.
http://www.dmd.nl/dap.html#dg
cellular_component
dystrobrevin complex
Any constituent part of cytoplasmic vesicle, a vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
cytoplasmic vesicle part
cellular_component
RNA polymerase II, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces mRNAs, snoRNAs, and some of the snRNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The largest subunit of RNA polymerase II contains an essential carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) composed of a variable number of heptapeptide repeats (YSPTSPS). The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and III. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, core complex
cellular_component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase II activity
cellular_component
A protein complex that possesses RNA-directed RNA polymerase activity.
RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
anaerobic ribonucleoside-triphosphate reductase complex
An enzyme complex composed of 4 subunits, 2 copies of the large protein (nrdD in E. coli) and 2 copies of the small protein (nrdG in E. coli). It catalyzes the generation of 2'deoxyribonucleotides under anaerobic growth conditions. The larger subunit is the catalytic unit that is activated by the smaller iron-binding subunit.
actin cortical patch (sensu Saccharomyces)
actin cortical patch
cellular_component
actin cortical patch (sensu Fungi)
Sanger:wv
Discrete actin-containing structure found at the plasma membrane in cells; formed of networks of branched actin filaments that lie just beneath the plasma membrane and assemble, move, and disassemble rapidly. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
actin patch
GO:0005857
A 20S multiprotein assembly of total mass about 1.2 MDa that activates dynein-based activity in vivo. A large structural component of the complex is an actin-like 40 nm filament composed of actin-related protein, to which other components attach.
dynactin complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:O61491
A heteromeric complex of flotillin 1, flotillin 2, caveolin 1 and caveolin 2 within the caveolar membrane.
See also the cellular component term 'caveolar membrane ; GO:0016599'.
flotillin complex
cellular_component
lamina reticularis
cellular_component
A layer of the basal lamina that contains collagen fibrils and connects the basal lamina to the underlying connective tissue.
PMID:12446671
A heterodimer associated with 66S preribosomes; also found throughout the nucleoplasm; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
Noc2p-Noc3p complex
cellular_component
contractile actomyosin ring
contractile ring
actomyosin ring (sensu Fungi)
ISBN:0805319409
GOC:expert_jrp
A cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin that forms beneath the plasma membrane of many cells, including animal cells and yeast cells, in a plane perpendicular to the axis of the spindle, i.e. the cell division plane. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. In animal cells, the contractile ring is located inside the plasma membrane at the location of the cleavage furrow. In budding fungal cells, e.g. mitotic S. cerevisiae cells, the contractile ring forms beneath the plasma membrane at the mother-bud neck before mitosis.
GO:0030480
cytokinetic ring (sensu Fungi)
actomyosin ring
cellular_component
constriction ring
CAR
contractile ring (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
equatorial microtubule organising centre
EMTOC
equatorial microtubule organizing center
A microtubule organizing center formed by a band of gamma-tubulin that is recruited to a circumferential band of F-actin at the midpoint of a cell and which nucleates microtubules from the cell division site at the end of mitosis.
PMID:11792817
costamere
Vinculin-containing myofibril attachment site which connects the Z-discs to the sarcolemma.
cellular_component
cilium
A specialized eukaryotic organelle that consists of a filiform extrusion of the cell surface. Each cilium is bounded by an extrusion of the cytoplasmic membrane, and contains a regular longitudinal array of microtubules, anchored basally in a centriole.
cellular_component
DNA topoisomerase complex (ATP-hydrolyzing)
Complex that possesses DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity.
See also the molecular function term 'DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) activity ; GO:0003918'.
cellular_component
A protein complex that stimulates the exchange of guanyl nucleotides by a GTPase.
cellular_component
guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor complex
TRAIL death-inducing signaling complex
TRAIL DISC
TRAIL death-inducing signalling complex
A protein complex formed upon binding of TRAIL to its ligand. The complex includes FADD/Mort1 and procaspase-8 addition to the ligand-bound receptor.
cellular_component
centric heterochromatin
Chromatin located near the centromere of a chromosome.
PMID:12019236
centromeric heterochromatin
cellular_component
Any protein complex that mediates the effects of small interfering RNAs on gene expression. Most known examples contain one or more members of the Argonaute family of proteins.
PMID:14704433
RNAi effector complex
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing one or more class X myosin heavy chains and associated light chains.
myosin X complex
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it was wrongly defined. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'microsporocyte nucleus ; GO:0048556'.
microsporocyte nucleus
cellular_component
http://www.bio.uu.nl/~palaeo/glossary/index.htm
OBSOLETE. The nucleus of the cell in which meiosis will occur, resulting in four microspores called pollen mother cell or microsporocyte.
pollen mother cell nucleus
A symbiosome containing any of various structurally modified bacteria, such as those occurring on the root nodules of leguminous plants.
cellular_component
bacteroid-containing symbiosome
cellular_component
Z chromosome
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the Z chromosome are present in each somatic cell of males and one copy is present in females.
ISBN:0321000382
cellular_component
filopodium tip
The end of a filopodium distal to the body of the cell.
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, bounded by a single or double lipid bilayer membrane. Includes the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, and vesicles. Excludes the plasma membrane.
membrane-bound organelle
cellular_component
cellular_component
A heterotetrameric complex located in the mitochondrial inner membrane that possesses di-trans,poly-cis-decaprenylcistransferase activity; involved in ubiquinone biosynthesis. In S. pombe it is a heterotetramer of Dlp1 and Dps1.
heterotetrameric decaprenyl diphosphate synthase complex
The external (cytoplasmic face) of the mitochondrial outer membrane.
cellular_component
cytosolic side of mitochondrial outer membrane
external side of mitochondrial outer membrane
external side of mitochondrial envelope
fibril
PMID:12704238
Extracellular matrix material consisting of polysaccharides and protein.
cellular_component
cellular_component
RAVE complex
regulator of the (H+)-ATPase of the vacuolar and endosomal membranes
PMID:11844802
PMID:11283612
A multisubunit complex that in Saccharomyces is composed of three subunits, Rav1p, Rav2p and Skp1p. Acts transiently to catalyze assembly of cytoplasmic V1, with membrane embedded V0 to form the V-ATPase holoenzyme.
cellular_component
platelet dense tubular network
PMID:1322202
A network of membrane-bounded compartments found in blood platelets, where they regulate platelet activation by sequestering or releasing calcium. The dense tubular network exists as thin elongated membranes in resting platelets, and undergoes a major ultrastructural change, to a rounded vesicular form, upon addition of thrombin.
cellular_component
The specialized cell wall of the ascospore (spore). As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
spore wall (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4 complex
The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex is composed of eIF4E, eIF4A and eIF4G; it is involved in the recognition of the mRNA cap, ATP-dependent unwinding of the 5'-terminal secondary structure and recruitment of the mRNA to the ribosome.
UniProtKB:P41110
eIF-4F
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4F complex
A tetrameric complex of four different subunits which catalyzes the elongation of fatty acids chains 2 carbon units at a time in the synthesis of very long chain fatty acids.
cellular_component
fatty acid elongase complex
cellular_component
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha2, beta2 and gamma1.
laminin-4 complex
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 complex
eIF-2
cellular_component
PMID:10216940
Complex of three heterogeneous polypeptide chains, that form a ternary complex with initiator methionyl-tRNA and GTP. This ternary complex binds to free 40S subunit, which subsequently binds the 5' end of mRNA.
thylakoid lumen (sensu Viridiplantae)
A cavity enclosed within the thylakoid membrane. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
ISBN:006501037
cellular_component
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
cellular_component
soluble
soluble fraction
That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is soluble in water.
plastid ACCase complex
cellular_component
An acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
plastid acetyl-CoA carboxylase complex
A RNA genome that contains coding regions that are either positive sense or negative sense on the same RNA molecule.
ambisense viral genome
cellular_component
proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota)
A large multisubunit complex which catalyzes protein degradation. This complex consists of the barrel shaped proteasome core complex and the regulatory particle that caps the proteasome core complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
26S proteasome
cellular_component
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle, as in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
TCA cycle enzyme complex (sensu Bacteria)
intrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
cellular_component
intrinsic to outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
Located in the outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
cellular_component
cell fraction
A generic term for parts of cells prepared by disruptive biochemical techniques.
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
lipid raft
cellular_component
PMID:11880687
Specialized membrane domains composed mainly of cholesterol and sphingolipids, and are relatively poor in polyunsaturated lipids such as glycerophospholipids. The formation of these membrane domains is promoted by the presence of cholesterol in the lipid bilayer: the rigid hexagonal rings of cholesterol can pack tightly against the saturated hydrocarbon chains of some membrane lipids, allowing these lipids to assemble into cohesive units floating in the mass of loosely packed polyunsaturated plasma membrane components.
other collagen
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it is a redundant grouping term. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'collagen ; GO:0005581'.
cellular_component
extrinsic to plasma membrane
Loosely bound to one surface of the plasma membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
peripheral plasma membrane protein
juxtamembrane
GO:0000157
chromatin
OBSOLETE. The network of fibers of DNA and protein that make up the chromosomes of the eukaryotic nucleus during interphase. It stains strongly with basic dyes. Some parts of the chromosomes are highly dispersed (called euchromatin) and other parts are highly condensed (called heterochromatin). Chromatin is made up of repeating units, each unit consisting of some 200 DNA base pairs and two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3, and H4; most of the DNA is wound around the outside of a core of histories to form nucleosomes. The remainder of the DNA, linker DNA, joins adjacent nucleosomes, thereby contributing flexibility to the chromatin fiber, a flexibly jointed chain of nucleosomes.
This term was made obsolete because the definition is too specific. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromatin ; GO:0000785' and its children.
cellular_component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase IV complex
RNA polymerase IV is a multisubunit RNA polymerase complex found in the nucleus of plants and involved in accumulation of siRNAs and in DNA methylation-dependent silencing of endogenous repeated sequences. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The IVa and IVb complexes contain different forms of the largest subunit. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits.
cellular_component
DNA-dependent protein kinase, DNA-end-binding complex
DNA-PK complex
DNA-dependent protein kinase complex
cellular_component
PMID:12235392
PMID:10854421
A large protein complex which is involved in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks and V(D)J recombination events. In mammals, it consists of the DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs), the DNA end-binding heterodimer, Ku, the nuclear phosphoprotein XRCC4 and DNA ligase IV.
GO:0005959
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a process. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'condensed nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000794'.
cellular_component
meiotic chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of meiosis.
plasma membrane lipid bilayer
cellular_component
The phospholipid membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment, excluding intergral and associated proteins.
A stable complex of proteins that carry out the DNA damage recognition and incision reactions characteristic of nucleotide excision repair (NER), such as DNA damage recognition, DNA helix unwinding, and endonucleolytic cleavage at sites flanking damaged DNA; includes TFIIH subunits and additional polypeptides; may form in the absence of DNA damage.
PMID:9852079
PMID:10681587
cellular_component
repairosome
cellular_component
Either of the two innermost layers of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
inner layer of spore wall
intermediate filament cytoskeleton
cellular_component
Cytoskeletal structure made from intermediate filaments, typically organized in the cytosol as an extended system that stretches from the nuclear envelope to the plasma membrane. Some intermediate filaments run parallel to the cell surface, while others traverse the cytosol; together they form an internal framework that helps support the shape and resilience of the cell.
cellular_component
late recombination nodule
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes in pachytene during meiosis I.
MRX complex
MRN complex
Rad50 complex
Mre11 complex
RMX complex
Trimeric protein complex that possesses endonuclease activity; involved in DNA repair and checkpoint signaling. In Saccharomyces the complex comprises Mre11p, Rad50p, and Xrs2p; complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
PMID:11988766
cellular_component
Rad50-Rad32-Nbs1 complex
cellular_component
rough endoplasmic reticulum
The rough (or granular) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) has ribosomes adhering to the outer surface; the ribosomes are the site of translation of the mRNA for those proteins which are either to be retained within the cisternae (ER-resident proteins), the proteins of the lysosomes, or the proteins destined for export from the cell. Glycoproteins undergo their initial glycosylation within the cisternae.
rough ER
The lipid bilayer surrounding a synaptic vesicle.
cellular_component
synaptic vesicle membrane
cellular_component
cell wall (sensu Fungi)
A rigid yet dynamic structure surrounding the plasma membrane that affords protection from stresses and contributes to cell morphogenesis. Major components are glycoproteins and peptidoglycans including mannoproteins, glucans and sometimes chitin. Enzymes involved in cell wall biosynthesis are also found in the cell wall. Note that some forms of fungi develop a capsule outside of the cell wall under certain circumstances; this is considered a separate structure. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
PMID:3319422
PMID:11283274
cellular_component
A proteasome found in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome complex
cellular_component
Set1C
Set1 complex
A conserved protein complex that catalyzes methylation of histone H3. In Saccharomyces the complex contains Shg1p, Sdc1p, Swd1p, Swd2p, Swd3p, Spp1p, Bre2p, and the trithorax-related Set1p.
PMID:11805083
PMID:11687631
COMPASS complex
electron transfer flavoprotein complex
A protein complex containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) and acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, which form a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system.
cellular_component
cytoplasmic vesicle
A vesicle formed of membrane or protein, found in the cytoplasm of a cell.
cellular_component
contractile vacuole
cellular_component
A specialized vacuole of eukaryotic cells, especially Protozoa, that fills with water from the cytoplasm and then discharges this externally by the opening of contractile vacuole pores. Its function is probably osmoregulatory.
tonoplast
vacuolar membrane (sensu Magnoliophyta)
The lipid bilayer enclosing the vacuole; as in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
cellular_component
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a process. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'condensed chromosome ; GO:0000793' and the cellular component term 'condensed nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000794'.
OBSOLETE. A chromosome involved in the process of mitosis.
mitotic chromosome
light-harvesting complex
cellular_component
A protein-pigment complex that may be closely or peripherally associated to photosynthetic reaction centers that participate in harvesting and transferring radiant energy to the reaction center.
antenna complex
PMID:15709772
PMID:12571227
A protein complex that possesses molybdopterin synthase activity. In E. coli, the complex is a heterotetramer consisting of two MoaD and two MoaE subunits.
GO:0019009
molybdopterin synthase complex
molybdopterin converting factor complex
cellular_component
prospore contractile ring
cytokinetic ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
actomyosin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
A contractile ring, i.e. a cytoskeletal structure composed of actin filaments and myosin, that forms beneath the plasma membrane of the prospore envelope in meiotic cells in preparation for completing cytokinesis.
meiotic contractile ring
cellular_component
N-terminal acetyltransferase B complex
A conserved complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule that has a Met-Glu, Met-Asp, Met-Asn, or Met-Met N-terminus. In Saccharomyces the complex includes Nat3p and Mdm20p.
NatB complex
cellular_component
A septate junction in which regular arrays of electron-dense septae span the intermembrane space.
cellular_component
pleated septate junction
pleated desmosome
A receptor complex usually consisting of a TCR- (T cell receptor) alpha and beta chain heterodimer, two CD3-epsilon chains, a CD3-gamma chain, a CD3-delta chain and a zeta chain homodimer. The complex mediates antigen recognition, ultimately resulting in T cell activation.
T-lymphocyte receptor complex
T lymphocyte receptor complex
cellular_component
T cell receptor complex
T cell receptor complex
TCR
cellular_component
proton pump
hydrogen:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
hydrogen/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
nucleosome
OBSOLETE. A particle that forms the primary packing unit of DNA in chromatin. Each consists of a segment of duplex DNA, 160-240 base pairs long, with associated histone proteins; about 146 base pairs of the DNA comprise a core particle and the remainder form the linker DNA. The core particle is a disk-like structure, 11 nm in diameter and 5.7 nm thick, consisting of two molecules each of histories H2A, H2B, H3, and H4 with approximately two superhelical turns of double-stranded DNA wound round it. In many species, an average of one molecule of histone H1 (or a variant) is on the exterior of each core particle and appears to mediate the packing together of adjacent nucleosomes in condensed chromatin.
This term was made obsolete because its definition is too specific; in addition to these common histones mentioned in the definition, there are histone variants. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'nucleosome ; GO:0000786' and its children.
cellular_component
A eukaryotically conserved histone deacetylse complex composed of a catalytic histone deacetylase subunit, a chromodomain protein, a SIN3 family co-repressor, and a WD repeat protein (Clr6p, Alp13p, Pst2p, and Prw1p respectively in Schizosaccharomyces; homologs thereof in other species).
PMID:12773392
Clr6 histone deacetylase complex
cellular_component
sodium-translocating V-type ATPase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:8970154
An intracellular membrane-bound particle found in fungi and containing chitin synthase; it synthesizes chitin microfibrils. Chitin synthase activity exists in chitosomes and they are proposed to act as a reservoir for regulated transport of chitin synthase enzymes to the division septum.
chitosome
fibrinogen gamma chain
A highly soluble, elongated protein complex found in blood plasma and involved in clot formation. It is converted into fibrin monomer by the action of thrombin. In the mouse, fibrinogen is a hexamer, 46 nm long and 9 nm maximal diameter, containing two sets of nonidentical chains (alpha, beta, and gamma) linked together by disulfide bonds.
fibrinogen beta chain
fibrinogen complex
cellular_component
fibrinogen alpha chain
fibrinogen
cellular_component
UniProtKB:P16382
Complexes that bind interleukin-4; consist of alpha, beta, and gamma chains and exist in three forms, one containing extracellular transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains, one lacking the cytoplasmic domain and a third that is secreted.
interleukin-4 receptor complex
cellular_component
zonula communicans
macula communicans
communicating junction
Any specialized areas of the plasma membranes of adjacent cells where the membranes are 2-4 nm apart and penetrated by a connexon.
gap junction
cellular_component
mitochondrial membrane part
Any constituent part of the mitochondrial membrane, either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
cellular_component
Soluble complex of the mitochondrial intermembrane space composed of various combinations of small Tim proteins; acts as a protein transporter to guide proteins to the Tim22 complex for insertion into the mitochondrial inner membrane.
mitochondrial intermembrane space protein transporter complex
Tim9-Tim10 complex
cellular_component
A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the neck of a shmoo (mating projection).
mating projection septin band
ciliary rootlet
A cytoskeleton-like structure, originating from the basal body at the proximal end of a cilium, and extending proximally toward the cell nucleus. Rootlets are typically 80-100 nm in diameter and contain cross striae distributed at regular intervals of approximately 55-70 nm.
PMID:12427867
cellular_component
cellular_component
chorion
A protective, noncellular membrane that surrounds the eggs of various animals including insects and fish.
Note that this term does not refer to the extraembryonic membrane surrounding the embryo of amniote vertebrates as this is an anatomical structure and is therefore not covered by GO.
A fatty acid synthase complex located in the cytosol.
cytosolic fatty acid synthase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
An mRNA editing complex found in a plastid.
plastid editosome
plastid mRNA editing complex
A complex of DNA and protein located at the end of a linear chromosome that protects and stabilizes a linear chromosome.
Note that this term can be used in place of the obsoleted cellular component term 'telomere ; GO:0005696'. Use with caution because this term refers to a specific protein complex and not a region of the chromosome.
telomere
telomere cap complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
succinate dehydrogenase complex
A multimeric complex which consists of flavoprotein (subunit A ; InterPro:003952), iron-sulfur protein (subunit B) and membrane-bound cytochrome b560 (subunit C; InterPro:000701). In some Archaea, the membrane-bound subunits (C or C and D) do not necessarily contain heme. Membrane-bound subunits can bind or react with quinones.
cellular_component
basal ring of apical complex
A compact and highly condensed form of chromatin.
cellular_component
heterochromatin
cellular_component
Electron-dense organelle with a granular internal matrix found throughout the merozoite life cycle stage of apicomplexan parasites; contains proteins destined to be secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole following parasite invasion of a host cell. As in, but not restricted to, the apicomplexans (Apicomplexa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:5794).
dense granule (sensu Apicomplexa)
dense body
cellular_component
PMID:10646606
Protein translocon complex at the chloroplast outer membrane.
Toc complex
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IB complex
cellular_component
polytene chromosome puff
A swelling at a site along the length of a polytene chromosome, thought to be the site of active transcription.
cellular_component
A host-derived membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
cellular_component
host peribacteroid membrane
BRCA1-BARD1 complex
A heterodimeric complex comprising BRCA1 and BARD1, which possesses ubiquitin ligase activity and is involved in genome maintenance, possibly by functioning in surveillance for DNA damage.
PMID:12787778
cellular_component
EC:2.3.1.12
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acyl group from coenzyme A to dihydrolipoamide.
dihydrolipoamide S-acyltransferase complex
This term was made obsolete because dihydrolipoamide S-acyltransferase activity resides in a single polypeptide.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Any macromolecular complex involved in cleavage or polyadenylation of mRNA molecules.
PMID:10357856
mRNA cleavage factor complex
cellular_component
haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex
A protein complex formed by the stable binding of a haptoglobin to hemoglobin.
cellular_component
platelet alpha-granule lumen
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet alpha granule.
platelet alpha granule lumen
cellular_component
protein storage vacuole
A compound organelle of plants where there is a lytic vacuole within a storage vacuole.
PMID:11739409
cellular_component
clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated endocytic vesicle.
thylakoid (sensu Proteobacteria)
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A thylakoid; as in, but not restricted to, the purple bacteria and relatives (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
This term was made obsolete because thylakoids are not found in organisms of the Phylum Proteobacteria. To update annotations, consider the biological process term 'chromatophore ; GO:0042716' and its children.
cellular_component
apical hemi-adherens junction
apical dense plaque
An adherens junction found in the apical region of a cell, such as those found in cuticle-secreting epithelia, which connect the apical membrane to the cuticle.
cellular_component
Virus-specific complex of protein required for integrating viral genomes into the host genome.
viral integration complex
Tim23 complex
PMID:8851659
EC:3.6.3.51
The protein transport machinery of the mitochondrial inner membrane that contains three essential Tim proteins: Tim17 and Tim23 are thought to build a preprotein translocation channel while Tim44 interacts transiently with the matrix heat-shock protein Hsp70 to form an ATP-driven import motor.
See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial inner membrane ; GO:0005743'.
mitochondrial inner membrane presequence translocase complex
mitochondrial inner membrane pre-sequence translocase complex
cellular_component
mitochondrial inner membrane translocase complex
ISBN:10652251
Polarized accumulation of cytoskeletal proteins (including F-actin) and regulatory proteins in a cell.
cellular_component
actin cap (sensu Saccharomyces)
GO:0000143
actin cap (sensu Fungi)
actin cap
presynaptic active zone
A specialized presynaptic plasma membrane region where synaptic vesicles dock and fuse.
PMID:3152289
cellular_component
cellular_component
complete virus particle
virion
The complete fully infectious extracellular virus particle.
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o)
cellular_component
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, coupling factor CF(0)
All non-F1 subunits of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral membrane proteins.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
sexine 1
cellular_component
A rod-like element of the sexine and ectexine, supporting either the tectum (the layer of sexine which forms a roof over the columella), or supporting a caput (an architectural element on top of a columella).
columella
RubisCO complex
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex
A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate.
cellular_component
SNARE complex
cellular_component
PMID:10872468
A protein complex involved in membrane fusion; a stable ternary complex consisting of a four-helix bundle, usually formed from one R-SNARE and three Q-SNAREs with an ionic layer sandwiched between hydrophobic layers. One well-characterized example is the neuronal SNARE complex formed of synaptobrevin 2, syntaxin 1a, and SNAP-25.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle.
cellular_component
clathrin-coated phagocytic vesicle membrane
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'endocytic vesicle ; GO:0030139'.
cellular_component
endocytotic transport vesicle
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
Any complex that possesses RNA polymerase activity; generally comprises a catalytic subunit and one or more additional subunits.
RNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
kinesin II complex
http://www.csfic.mi.cnr.it/centro/lines/8/ric.html
A complex consisting of two distinct motor subunits that form a heterodimer complexed with a third non-motor accessory subunit, the kinesin associated protein or KAP; the KIF3 heterodimer interacts via its C-terminal portion with KAP, which is thought to regulate the binding of the motor to cargo membranes.
snRNP U6
cellular_component
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U6; a component of the major spliceosome complex.
A narrow enfolded luminal membrane channel, lined with numerous microvilli, that appears to extend into the cytoplasm of the cell. A specialized network of intracellular canaliculi is a characteristic feature of parietal cells of the gastric mucosa in vertebrates.
PMID:10700045
cellular_component
intracellular canaliculus
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a peroxisomal membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
integral to peroxisomal membrane
cellular_component
A proteinaceous scaffold found between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
synaptonemal complex
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum.
cellular_component
endoplasmic reticulum lumen
ER lumen
cisternal lumen
cellular_component
apical plasma membrane
Part of the plasma membrane at the apical end of the cell.
GOC:curators
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'nuclear chromosome ; GO:0000228'.
cellular_component
nuclear interphase chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the nucleus during interphase.
cellular_component
cell division site part
cell division plane part
Any constituent part of the cell division plane, the eventual plane of cell division in a dividing cell.
A membrane that surrounds one or more bacteroids (such as nitrogen-fixing bacteroids within legume root nodule cells).
cellular_component
peribacteroid membrane
cellular_component
flagellar filament (sensu Bacteria)
The long (approximately 20 nm), thin external structure of the flagellum, which acts as a propeller. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
microvillus membrane
cellular_component
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a microvillus.
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes.
cellular_component
replication fork
replication focus
cellular_component
beta-galactosidase complex
UniProtKB:P06864
EC:3.2.1.23
A multimeric enzyme complex that in E. coli is an heterooctamer made up of four alpha subunits and four beta subunits. Catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-D-galactosides.
cellular_component
hemicellulose network
Network composed of hemicelluloses; members of a class of plant cell wall polysaccharide that cannot be extracted from the wall by hot water or chelating agents, but can be extracted by aqueous alkali. Includes xylan, glucuronoxylan, arabinoxylan, arabinogalactan II, glucomannan, xyloglucan and galactomannan.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it describes the composition (i.e. proteoglycan) and not the location of a gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'integral to plasma membrane ; GO:0005887'.
OBSOLETE. Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane and consisting of proteoglycan. Also refers to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
proteoglycan integral to plasma membrane
cytoplasmic exosome (RNase complex)
cellular_component
Complex of 3'-5' exoribonucleases found in the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
retrotransposon nucleocapsid
PMID:10861903
A complex of the retrotransposon RNA genome, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and associated molecules required for reproduction and integration of the retrotransposon into the host genome; the main structural molecule of the nucleocapsid is often a gag protein homolog.
VLP
Virus-like particle
Any of the various filamentous elements within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that remain after treatment of the cells with mild detergent to remove membrane constituents and soluble components of the cytoplasm. The term embraces intermediate filaments, microfilaments, microtubules, and the microtrabecular lattice. The various elements of the cytoskeleton not only serve in the maintenance of cellular shape but also have roles in other cellular functions, including cellular movement, cell division, endocytosis, and movement of organelles.
cellular_component
cytoskeleton
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a class of gene products. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'fimbrium ; GO:0009289'.
ISBN:0914826859
OBSOLETE. A class of proteins that are the subunit components of fimbria.
fimbrin
ER body
cellular_component
endoplasmic reticulum body
A novel compartment found in plant cells that is derived from the ER. The structures have a characteristic shape and size (10 mm long and 0.5 mm wide) and are surrounded with ribosomes. They have been found in Arabidopsis thaliana and related Brassicaceae species.
PMID:11577182
mitochondrial degradosome
PMID:9829834
PMID:10397341
The mitochondrial degradosome (mtEXO) is a three-protein complex which has a 3' to 5' exoribonuclease activity and participates in intron-independent turnover and processing of mitochondrial transcripts.
cellular_component
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Archaea)
cellular_component
The small subunit of an archaeal ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 30S. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
cellular_component
ionotropic glutamate receptor complex
A multimeric assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the centre of the receptor complex.
telomerase holoenzyme complex
cellular_component
Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme complex, with a minimal catalytic core composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition. In vivo, the holoenzyme complex often contains additional subunits.
PMID:11884619
A form of nucleosome located only at the centromere, in which the histone H3 is replaced by the variant form CENP-A (sometimes known as CenH3).
PMID:16183641
PMID:15175412
cellular_component
centromere-specific nucleosome
centromeric nucleosome
centromere specific nucleosome
voltage gated sodium channel complex
A sodium channel in a cell membrane whose opening is governed by the membrane potential.
voltage-sensitive sodium channel complex
cellular_component
voltage-gated sodium channel complex
voltage-dependent sodium channel complex
Hsk1-Dfp1 kinase complex
Cdc7-Dbf4 complex
PMID:12045100
A heterodimeric protein complex required for the activation of DNA replication origins; comprises a catalytic subunit and a regulatory subunit (in Saccharomyces, Cdc7p and Dbf4p, respectively); complexes identified in other species generally contain proteins related to the Saccharomyces proteins.
Dbf4-dependent protein kinase complex
DDK
cellular_component
NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
The peripheral segment of respiratory chain complex I. Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex. The complete complex is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
respiratory chain complex I, peripheral segment (sensu Eukaryota)
polar ring of apical complex
cellular_component
Electron dense ring at the most anterior position of an invasive life cycle stage of an apicomplexan parasite.
intraflagellar transport particle
cellular_component
A nonmembrane-bound oliogmeric protein complex that participates in bidirectional transport of molecules (cargo) along axonemal microtubules.
cellular_component
von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor complex
VHL complex
pVHL-elongin C-elongin B complex
A protein complex that possesses ubiquitin ligase activity; the complex is usually pentameric; for example, in mammals the subunits are pVHL, elongin B, elongin C, cullin-2 (Cul2), and Rbx1.
PMID:11865071
VCB complex
A conserved complex that contains a heterodimer of SMC proteins (Smc5 and Smc6, or homologs thereof) and several other proteins, and is involved in DNA repair and maintaining cell cycle arrest following DNA damage. In S.cerevisiae, this is an octameric complex called Mms21-Smc5-Smc6 complex, with at least five of its subunits conserved in fission yeast and humans.
PMID:14701739
Smc5-Smc6 complex
cellular_component
Complex that possesses isocitrate dehydrogenase (NAD+) activity.
isocitrate dehydrogenase complex (NAD+)
cellular_component
hyphal septin cap
cellular_component
A faint structure formed of septins found at the leading edge of growth in hyphae of fungal cells growing filamentiously. This cap of septins colocalizes with a region of the plasma membrane that is rich in ergosterol.
integral to nuclear outer membrane
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the nuclear outer membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
Any dynein complex that catalyzes movement along a cytoplasmic microtubule; cytoplasmic dynein complexes participates in many transport activities in eukaryotes, such as mRNA localization, intermediate filament transport, nuclear envelope breakdown, apoptosis, transport of centrosomal proteins, mitotic spindle assembly, virus transport, kinetochore functions, and movement of signaling and spindle checkpoint proteins. Subunits associated with the dynein heavy chain mediate association between dynein heavy chain and cargoes,and may include light chains and light intermediate chains.
PMID:12600311
cytoplasmic dynein light chain
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate light chain
cytoplasmic dynein intermediate chain
cytoplasmic dynein heavy chain
cytoplasmic dynein complex
light-activated voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
light-activated voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
light-activated voltage gated calcium channel complex
cellular_component
light-activated voltage-gated calcium channel complex
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class XI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin XI heavy chain sizes are similar in molecular structure to the class V myosins with 5 to 6 IQ motifs and tail regions with predicted coiled coil domains (forming dimeric molecules) and large C-terminal regions.
myosin XI complex
cellular_component
The subunits forming the inner ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex
cellular_component
Any of several heterodimers containing one or two Noc proteins, associated with preribosomal complexes; involved in ribosome biogenesis.
cellular_component
Noc complex
Note that the definition uses Saccharomyces gene product names because this complex has only been described in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and no other names have yet arisen; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the definition can be changed if better wording is found.
cellular_component
HIR complex
A protein complex proposed to be involved in replication-indepdent chromatin assembly. For example, in Saccharomyces, the complex contains Hir1p, Hir2p, Hir3p, and Hpc2p.
PMID:16303565
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
cellular_component
axoneme
axonemal motor activity
cellular_component
laminin-3 complex
MEDLINE:95005761
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha1, beta2 and gamma1.
trimethylamine-N-oxide reductase complex
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide to trimethylamine.
EC:1.6.6.9
OBSOLETE. Peripherin is a type III intermediate filament protein found in neurons of the peripheral nervous system.
cellular_component
peripherin
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'type III intermediate filament ; GO:0045098'.
ring canal outer rim
An electron opaque backbone of the insect ovarian ring canal that is a part of or adjacent to the plasma membrane. The outer rim is established as the cleavage furrow is arrested, and contains F-actin, anillin, glycoproteins and at least one a protein with a high content of phosphorylated tyrosine residues.
PMID:7925006
PMID:12435357
See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'outer nurse cell ring canal rim ; FBbt:00004882'.
cellular_component
A multisubunit, barrel shaped protease complex. This complex consists of fourteen subunits of two distinct but related polypeptides. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
26S proteasome
proteasome core complex (sensu Bacteria)
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the outer membrane. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
flagellar basal body, distal rod, L ring (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
membrane fraction
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes.
Any constituent part of an axoneme, the bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia and flagella in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
axoneme part
cellular_component
A multiprotein complex, which in yeast consists of Trf4p, Air1p or Air2p and Mtr4p. This nuclear RNA surveillance and quality control complex is involved in the distributive polyadenylation of substrates that include: hypomodified and incorrectly folded tRNAs, snoRNA precursors and rRNA precursors. It is also required for the degradative activity of the nuclear exosome in vivo.
PMID:15935758
PMID:15828860
Trf4p-Air2p-Mtr4p polyadenylation complex
Trf4 poly(A) polymerase complex
Trf4 complex
cellular_component
TRAMP complex
microtubule associated complex
cellular_component
Any multimeric complex connected to a microtubule.
intracellular cyclic nucleotide activated cation channel complex
cellular_component
polarisome
cellular_component
Protein complex that plays a role in determining cell polarity by directing the localized assembly of actin filaments at polarization sites; in Saccharomyces the polarisome includes Bni1p, Spa2p, Pea2p, and Bud6p.
PMID:14998522
mitochondrial envelope lumen
mitochondrial intermembrane space
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the mitochondrial envelope.
cellular_component
GO:0031971
mitochondrial membrane lumen
ribozyme
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
non-membrane-bound organelle
cellular_component
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane. Includes ribosomes, the cytoskeleton and chromosomes.
septin ring
cellular_component
GO:0030481
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament-forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. This type of septin structure is observed at the bud neck of budding fungal cells, at the site of cell division in animal cells, at the junction between the mother cell and a pseudohyphal projection, and also within hyphae of filamentous fungi at sites where a septum will form.
septin ring (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
B800-850 antenna complex
Protein-pigment complex that absorbs light at 800 and 850 nm; is peripherally associated to the bacterial reaction center; transfers excitation energy to the B875 antenna complex.
light harvesting complex II
LH2 complex
cellular_component
plastid outer membrane
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope.
peroxisome vesicle
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P3 peroxisome ; GO:0019821', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
P4 peroxisome
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P4 peroxisomes are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromosome ; GO:0005694'.
prophase chromosome
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cell during prophase.
cellular_component
gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal (sensu Metazoa)
cellular_component
A multiprotein complex that composed of approximately 10-14 gamma-tubulin molecules and at least six other non-tubulin proteins assembled into a flexible open ring structure, which in animal cells has a diameter of around 25nm. It is thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
The core complex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear proteasome core complex
cellular_component
vacuolar part
vacuole component
Any constituent part of a vacuole, a closed structure, found only in eukaryotic cells, that is completely surrounded by unit membrane and contains liquid material.
cellular_component
NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone)
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity ; GO:0008137'.
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity.
capsule (sensu Bacteria)
A protective structure surrounding some cells attached externally to the cell wall, often, but not always, constructed of polysaccharides. Capsules play an important role in pathogenicity, preventing phagocytosis by eukaryotic cells. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cellular_component
PEP-B
The plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase B (PEP-B) is a plastid-encoded DNA-directed RNA polymerase that resembles eubacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases with a core composed of alpha, beta, and beta-prime subunits. An additional subunit, a sigma factor, is required for promoter recognition. PEP-B is distinguished from PEP-A by its sensitivity to the antibiotic rifampicin. PEP-B is found in both etioplasts and chloroplasts, but is the predominate form in etioplasts. It forms the core of the PEP-A form; the conversion from PEP-B to PEP-A occurs during chloroplast maturation.
plastid-encoded plastid RNA polymerase complex B
eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 complex
A multisubunit nucleotide exchange complex that binds GTP and aminoacyl-tRNAs, and catalyzes their codon-dependent placement at the A-site of the ribosome. In humans, the complex is composed of four subunits, alpha, beta, delta and gamma.
UniProtKB:P24534
PMID:10216950
cellular_component
proteasome core complex (sensu Eukaryota)
A multisubunit barrel shaped endoprotease complex, which is the core of the proteasome complex. This complex is involved in the proteolysis of substrates in an ATP dependent manner and consists of four ring-like structures, two outer and two inner, each containing seven subunits. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
PMID:10806206
20S core complex
cellular_component
macropain
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex, LHCIIb subcomplex
cellular_component
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem II associated light-harvesting complex II; contains two proteins (usually about 28 and 27 kDa), and may contain a third; peripherally located relative to other LHC polypeptides.
PMID:8825475
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
cellular_component
Complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
contractile vacuolar membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding the contractile vacuole.
paraspeckles
cellular_component
Discrete subnuclear bodies in the interchromatin nucleoplasmic space, often located adjacent to nuclear specks. 10-20 paraspeckles are typically found in human cell nuclei.
PMID:11790299
Any of the multimeric enzyme complexes involved in template directed synthesis of DNA.
cellular_component
DNA polymerase complex
cellular_component
The outer membrane around a bacterial endospore, located between the endospore cortex and endospore coat.
outer endospore membrane
PMID:11060033
The THO complex is an oligomeric complex, primarily located in the nucleus, that is involved in transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II and is crucial for transcription of certain coding regions. The complex, though not each of the individual subunits, is found in a range of eukaryotic organisms, from S. cerevisiae to metazoans.
THO complex
cellular_component
telomerase catalytic core complex
cellular_component
The minimal catalytic core of telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein complex composed of a catalytic reverse transcriptase subunit and an RNA subunit that provides the template for telomeric DNA addition.
A collection of membranous structures involved in transport within the cell. The main components of the endomembrane system are endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi bodies, vesicles, cell membrane and nuclear envelope. Members of the endomembrane system pass materials through each other or though the use of vesicles.
GOC:lh
endomembrane system
cellular_component
platelet dense tubular network lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the platelet dense tubular network.
cellular_component
collagen type XII
cellular_component
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
cellular_component
voltage-gated calcium channel complex
voltage-sensitive calcium channel complex
voltage-dependent calcium channel complex
voltage gated calcium channel complex
protein-N(PI)-phosphohistidine-sugar phosphotransferase complex
EC:2.7.1.69
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a phosphate from protein N(PI)-phosphohistidine to a sugar molecule. It is enzyme II of the phosphotransferase system.
cellular_component
transcription elongation factor complex b
cellular_component
See also the cellular component terms 'cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex ; GO:0019907' and 'DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme ; GO:0016591'.
UniProtKB:O60563
A complex of cyclin T and a cyclin-dependent protein kinase, catalyst, that facilitates the transition from abortive to productive elongation by phosphorylating the CTD domain of the large subunit of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II, holoenzyme.
retinoblastoma-E2F complex
A multiprotein complex containing a heterodimeric E2F transcription factor and a Retinoblastoma (Rb) family member. This complex is capable of repressing transcription of E2F-regulated genes in order to regulate cell cycle progression.
PMID:14616073
Rb-E2F complex
cellular_component
A complex of gamma tubulin and associated proteins thought to be formed by multimerization of gamma-tubulin small complexes.
gamma-tubulin large complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) complex
branched-chain alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex
A protein complex that catalyzes the reaction 3-methyl-2-oxobutanoate + lipoamide = S-(2-methylpropanoyl)-dihydrolipoamide + carbon dioxide (CO2). This requires thiamin diphosphate; the enzyme also acts on (S)-3-methyl-2-oxopentanoate and 4-methyl-2-oxo-pentanoate.
EC:1.2.4.4
GO:0031212
BCADH
cellular_component
A double-enveloped cell compartment, composed of the endosymbiont with its plasmalemma (as inner envelope) and an outer envelope (the perisymbiontic membrane) derived from the host cell.
host symbiosome
cellular_component
septin complex
Any of several heterooligomeric complexes containing multiple septins.
PMID:15385632
chylomicron
A particle composed of a central core of triglycerides surrounded by a protein-phospholipid coating. Chylomicrons are found in blood or lymph and carry lipids from the intestines into other body tissues.
http://biotech.icmb.utexas.edu/search/dict-search.html
cellular_component
lipid storage body (sensu Viridiplantae)
oil body
cellular_component
ISBN:0943088372
A subcellular organelle of plant cells surrounded by 'half-unit' or a monolayer membrane instead of the more usual bilayer. A droplet of triacylglycerol surrounded by a monolayer of phospholipids, interacting with the triacylglycerols and the hydrophilic head groups facing the cytosol, and containing major protein components called oleosins. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
spherosome
GO:0009520
oleosome
cellular_component
cellulosome
An extracellular multi-enzyme complex containing up to 11 different enzymes aligned on a non-catalytic scaffolding glycoprotein. Functions to hydrolyze cellulose.
PMID:11601609
cellular_component
laminin-1 complex
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha1, beta1 and gamma1.
cellular_component
The soluble material inside the peribacteroid membrane, but outside of the bacteroid, within a bacteroid-containing symbiosome of a host cell.
host peribacteroid fluid
chloroplast thylakoid membrane
cellular_component
thylakoid membrane (sensu Viridiplantae)
The pigmented membrane of a thylakoid. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
type IV intermediate filament
neurofilament
A type of intermediate filament found in the core of neuronal axons. Neurofilaments are heteropolymers composed of three type IV polypeptides: NF-L, NF-M, and NF-H (for low, middle, and high molecular weight). Neurofilaments are responsible for the radial growth of an axon and determine axonal diameter.
cellular_component
viral membrane
viral envelope
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer and associated glycoproteins that surround many types of virus particle.
viral glycoprotein
A complex of a large and small subunit which catalyze the packaging of DNA into phage heads. Note that not all phage terminases have this structure, some exist as single polypeptides.
phage terminase complex
cellular_component
karyopherin-beta2
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
transportin
cellular_component
A heteromeric transcription factor complex that binds to the CCAAT-box upstream of promoters; in Saccharomyces it activates the transcription of genes in response to growth in a nonfermentable carbon source; consists of four known subunits: HAP2, HAP3, HAP4 and HAP5.
PMID:7828851
CCAAT-binding factor complex
cellular_component
The nucleus of a plant egg cell, the female gamete, at the micropylar end of the embryo and its descendents. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
egg cell nucleus (sensu Viridiplantae)
cellular_component
cellular_component
F-actin capping protein complex
ISBN:0198599560
A heterodimer consisting of alpha and a beta subunits that binds to and caps the barbed ends of actin filaments, thereby regulating the polymerization of actin monomers but not severing actin filaments.
cellular_component
DNA replication factor C complex (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
A complex of two polypeptides that loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA, thereby permitting processive DNA synthesis catalyzed by DNA polymerase. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2) and the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
An adaptor complex found associated with membranes in the trans-Golgi network; it is not clear whether AP-4 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
AP-4 adaptor complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
The material contained within the membrane of a peroxisome; in many cells the matrix contains a crystalloid core largely composed of urate oxidase.
peroxisomal matrix
cellular_component
P granule
A small protein and RNA containing electron dense organelle, not surrounded by a membrane, that is associated with germ nuclei in the gonad and localized to germ cells and their precursors throughout development.
PMID:11262230
chloroplast inner membrane translocase complex
Tic complex
cellular_component
The translocon of the inner envelope of chloroplasts, which facilitates the import of proteins across the chloroplast inner membrane.
PMID:12393016
PMID:12180471
stress fibre
stress fiber
cellular_component
Bundle of microfilaments and other proteins found in fibroblasts.
polar plasm
Differentiated cytoplasm associated with a pole (animal, vegetal, anterior, or posterior) of an oocyte, egg or early embryo.
pole plasm
germ plasm
cellular_component
That part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
cytosol
cellular_component
cellular_component
An electrically insulating fatty layer that surrounds the axons of many neurons. It is an outgrowth of glial cells: Schwann cells supply the myelin for peripheral neurons while oligodendrocytes supply it to those of the central nervous system.
myelin sheath
Spt-Ada-Gcn5-acetyltransferase complex
SAGA complex
cellular_component
A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and in involved in regulation of transcription. The budding yeast complex includes Gcn5p, several proteins of the Spt and Ada families, and several TBP-associate proteins (TAFs); analogous complexes in other species have analogous compositions, and usually contain homologs of the yeast proteins.
clathrin coated vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a clathrin-coated vesicle.
cellular_component
cellular_component
cytoplasmic membrane-bound vesicle
A membrane-bound vesicle found in the cytoplasm of the cell.
cytoplasmic membrane bound vesicle
cellular_component
The part of the cytoskeleton (the internal framework of a cell) composed of actin and associated proteins. Includes actin cytoskeleton-associated complexes.
actin cytoskeleton
Any constituent part of a thylakoid, a sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms.
thylakoid part
cellular_component
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a microbody.
cellular_component
microbody lumen
cellular_component
cleavage furrow
In animal cells, the first sign of cleavage, or cytokinesis, is the appearance of a shallow groove in the cell surface near the old metaphase plate. A contractile ring containing actin and myosin, is located just inside the plasma membrane at the location of the furrow. Ring contraction is associated with centripetal growth of the membrane that deepens the cleavage furrow and divides the cytoplasm of the two daughter cells. While the term 'cleavage furrow' was initially associated with animal cells, such a structure occurs in many other types of cells, including unicellular protists.
cellular_component
apical cortex
The region that lies just beneath the plasma membrane on the apical edge of a cell.
mannosyltransferase complex
cellular_component
A complex that posseses mannosyltransferase activity.
cellular_component
spindle pole centrosome
A centrosome from which one pole of a mitotic or meiotic spindle is organized.
An assembly of actin filaments that are on the same axis but may be oriented with the same or opposite polarities and may be packed with different levels of tightness.
actin filament bundle
cellular_component
GOC:vk
A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS2.
MutLalpha complex
MLH1/PMS2 complex
cellular_component
MMR complex
cellular_component
PMID:11584301
A tissue-specific, membrane bounded cytoplasmic organelle within which melanin pigments are synthesized and stored. Melanosomes are synthesized in melanocyte cells.
melanosome
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, catalytic core F(1)
cellular_component
The sector of a hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase complex in which the catalytic activity resides; it comprises the catalytic core and central stalk, and is peripherally associated with a membrane, such as the plasma membrane or the mitochondrial inner membrane, when the entire ATP synthase is assembled.
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F1 sector
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex
Any complex that possesses ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity.
cellular_component
E2 complex
cellular_component
prothylakoid membrane
The membrane of prothylakoids, underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes.
PMID:11532175
bleb
PMID:16624291
PMID:12083798
A cell extension characterized by rapid formation, rounded shape, and scarcity of organelles within the protrusions.
cellular_component
replication fork (sensu Bacteria and Archaea)
The Y-shaped region of a replicating DNA molecule, resulting from the separation of the DNA strands and in which the synthesis of new strands takes place. Also includes associated protein complexes. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2) and the taxon Archaea (Archaea, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2157).
cellular_component
light-harvesting complex (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
light-harvesting complex (sensu Proteobacteria)
A light-harvesting complex; as in, but not restricted to, the purple bacteria and relatives (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
cellular_component
AMPA receptor
alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid selective glutamate receptor complex
An assembly of four or five subunits which form a structure with an extracellular N-terminus and a large loop that together form the ligand binding domain. The C-terminus is intracellular. The ionotropic glutamate receptor complex itself acts as a ligand gated ion channel; on binding glutamate, charged ions pass through a channel in the centre of the receptor complex. The AMPA receptors mediate fast synaptic transmission in the CNS and are composed of subunits GluR1-4, products from separate genes. These subunits have an extracellular N-terminus and an intracellular C-terminus.
cellular_component
AMPA-selective glutamate receptor complex
Projection at the leading edge of a crawling cell; the protrusions are supported by a microfilament meshwork.
cellular_component
membrane ruffle
ruffle
The volume enclosed within the acrosome membrane.
acrosomal lumen
cellular_component
cellular_component
ferritin complex
UniProtKB:P02792
A iron-storing protein complex, which in humans has 24 subunits. There are two different ferritin subunits, the L (light) chain and H (heavy) chain.
cellular_component
An electron dense structure that is associated with meiotic chromosomes.
recombination nodule
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the nucleus.
nuclear ORC
eukaryotic ORC
cellular_component
nuclear origin of replication recognition complex
cellular_component
collagen type XVII
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XVII) chains; type XVII collagen triple helices associate with hemidesmosomes and the basal lamina.
The smaller of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome.
cellular_component
organellar small ribosomal subunit
postsynaptic membrane
A specialized area of membrane facing the presynaptic membrane on the tip of the nerve ending and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft). Neurotransmitters across the synaptic cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
cellular_component
sec61 complex
cellular_component
A translocation complex that constitutes the specific site of protein translocation across the endoplasmic reticulum, which involves the signal recognition particle receptor. Composed of a heterotetramer of alpha, beta, gamma and delta subunits (translocon-associated proteins or TRAPs). In yeast it is a heterotrimeric complex consisting of Sec61p, Sbh1p, and Sss1p. The Sec61 complex functions in cotranslational and posttranslational translocation events.
ISBN:0198599471
translocon complex
Any complex of pre-rRNAs, ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins formed in the nucleolus during ribosome biogenesis.
cellular_component
nucleolar preribosome
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the ligation of glutamate and tRNA(Glu) to form glutamyl-tRNA(Glu).
EC:6.1.1.17
glutamate-tRNA ligase complex
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIa subcomplex
cellular_component
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 24 and 21.5 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum between 680 and 690 nm.
Note that nexine is distinguished on purely morphological criteria; compare with 'endexine ; GO:0043671'. See also 'sexine ; GO:0043673'.
cellular_component
nexine
The inner, non-sculptured part of the exine which lies below the sexine.
nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum continuum
nuclear envelope-endoplasmic reticulum network
cellular_component
NE-ER continuum
nuclear envelope-ER network
The continuous network of membranes encompassing the outer nuclear membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum.
NE-ER network
snRNP U11
cellular_component
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U11; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
rDNA protrusion
Note that this component is characterized in Schizosaccharomyces, particularly with respect to the DAPI staining pattern.
cellular_component
Any of the tandem arrays of rDNA localized at the periphery of the nucleus and protruding into the nucleolus, and associated proteins. May be visible as a single or double spot by DAPI staining.
PMID:1629244
ribosomal DNA protrusion
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul4B subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by unknown subunits.
cullin-RING ligase 4B
cellular_component
Cul4B-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
azurophil granule
cellular_component
primary granule
Primary lysosomal granule found in neutrophil granulocytes. Contains a wide range of hydrolytic enzymes and is released into the extracellular fluid.
cellular_component
cytoplasmic chromosome
cytoplasmic interphase chromosome
A chromosome found in the cytoplasm.
transcription factor TFIIE complex
UniProtKB:P29083
A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of two alpha and two beta chains. Recruits TFIIH to the initiation complex and helps activate both RNA polymerase II and TFIIH.
cellular_component
See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2). As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
PMID:12655376
A large intracellular spectrin-rich structure that has been found in insect germline cells and mammalian hematopoietic cells. The fusome is an elongated, branched structure, formed from the spherical spectrosome organelle.
fusome
cellular_component
Two separate septin rings that are formed from the septin collar at the time of cytokinesis in cells that divide by budding. These two rings are thought to delineate a special compartment in which factors involved in cytokinesis are concentrated.
bud neck split septin rings
cellular_component
A complex composed of RNA of the small nuclear RNA (snRNA) class and protein, found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell. These are typically named after the snRNA(s) they contain, e.g. U1 snRNP or U4/U6 snRNP. Many, but not all, of these complexes are involved in splicing of nuclear mRNAs.
snRNP
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein
small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex
cellular_component
transcription factor TFIIA complex
UniProtKB:P52655
A component of the transcription machinery of RNA Polymerase II. In humans, TFIIA is a heterotrimer composed of an alpha (P35), beta (P19) and gamma subunits (P12).
cellular_component
condensin core heterodimer
Smc2-Smc4 complex
The core heterodimer of a condensin complex, a multisubunit protein complex that plays a central role in chromosome condensation.
cellular_component
cellular_component
collagen type XVI
A collagen trimer containing alpha(XVI) chains; type XVI trimers can associate with microfibrils.
PMID:12782140
The plasma membrane surrounding a host cell.
host cell plasma membrane
cellular_component
PMID:11979277
The transcription export (TREX) complex couples transcription elongation by RNA polymerase II to mRNA export. The complex associates with the polymerase and travels with it along the length of the transcribed gene. TREX is composed of the THO transcription elongation complex as well as other proteins that couple THO to mRNA export proteins. The TREX complex is known to be found in a wide range of eukaryotes, including S. cerevisiae and metazoans.
transcription export complex
cellular_component
TREX complex
cellular_component
A multisubunit protein complex that contains the Ino80p ATPase; exhibits chromatin remodeling activity and 3' to 5' DNA helicase activity.
INO80 complex
rough ER lumen
The volume enclosed by the membranes of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
rough endoplasmic reticulum lumen
cellular_component
PMID:15948957
A complex that possesses dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase activity; usually includes members of the PMT1 and PMT2 protein subfamilies.
protein O-mannosyltransferase complex
dolichyl-phosphate-mannose-protein mannosyltransferase complex
cellular_component
PMT family mannosyltransferase complex
This term was made obsolete because it represents a molecule and not a location or complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'B cell receptor complex ; GO:0019815'.
B cell receptor accessory molecule complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because there is no evidence that this enzyme ever exists as anything other than a monomer. To update annotations, consider the molecular function term 'farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyltransferase activity ; GO:0004310'.
OBSOLETE. A complex that possesses farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase activity.
farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase complex
cellular_component
virion transport vesicle
PMID:7933124
A vesicle used to transport the partial or complete virion between cellular compartments.
cellular_component
pre-T-cell receptor complex
pre-T cell receptor complex
cellular_component
pre-T-lymphocyte receptor complex
A receptor complex found on immature T cells consisting of a T cell receptor beta chain and the pre-TCR-alpha chain, along with additional signaling components including CD3 family members and additional signaling proteins.
PMID:12220932
pre-TCR complex
pre-T lymphocyte receptor complex
A complex of cell wall invaginations in a synergid cell, similar to those in transfer cells.
cellular_component
filiform apparatus
Loosely bound to one surface of the lysosome membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to lysosome membrane
extrinsic to lysosomal membrane
cellular_component
organelle envelope lumen
cellular_component
organelle intermembrane space
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of an organelle envelope.
cellular_component
The area of a motile cell closest to the direction of movement.
front of cell
leading edge
flagellar axoneme
cellular_component
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of flagellar in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
cellular_component
euchromatin
A dispersed and relatively uncompacted form of chromatin.
cellular_component
peroxisome vesicle
Note that this peroxisome assembly pathway is described in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica. See also the cellular component terms 'P1 peroxisome ; GO:0019819', 'P2 peroxisome ; GO:0019820', 'P4 peroxisome ; GO:0019822', 'P5 peroxisome ; GO:0019823', and 'P6 peroxisome ; GO:0019824'.
A subform of peroxisome that corresponds to an intermediate in a peroxisome assembly pathway, which operates by conversion of peroxisomal subforms in the direction P1, P2 -> P3 -> P4 -> P5 -> P6. P3 peroxisomes are formed by fusion of P1 and P2 peroxisomes, and are distinguished from the other subforms on the bases of buoyant density and protein content.
P3 peroxisome
The proteinaceous structure at the distal tip of the flagellar filament. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
flagellar filament cap (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
cellular_component
PCAF complex
A large multiprotein complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase and is involved in regulation of transcription. The composition is similar to that of the SAGA complex, but includes fewer Spt and Ada proteins, and more TAFs.
cell projection part
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a cell projection, a prolongation or process extending from a cell, e.g. a flagellum or axon.
smooth endoplasmic reticulum membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
cellular_component
smooth ER membrane
collagen type VI
cellular_component
A collagen heterotrimer containing type VI alpha chains in alpha1(VI)alpha2(VI)alpha3(VI) trimers; type VI collagen triple helices associate to form beaded fibrils.
UniProtKB:bf
A complex that catalyses the transfer of an acetyl group to a protein acceptor molecule.
cellular_component
protein acetyltransferase complex
mitochondria
mitochondrion
A semiautonomous, self replicating organelle that occurs in varying numbers, shapes, and sizes in the cytoplasm of virtually all eukaryotic cells. It is notably the site of tissue respiration.
cellular_component
cellular_component
integral to nuclear inner membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the nuclear inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
slime layer
A protective structure surrounding some bacteria, usually composed of polysaccharides.
cellular_component
delta DNA polymerase complex
This term was made obsolete because it was erroneously defined as including the delta DNA polymerase cofactor (now also obsolete) which consisted of the complexes PCNA and Replication factor C (RFC), when in fact these are not bona fide subunits of the delta DNA polymerase complex. Several annotations of PNCA and RFC proteins had been made to this term, which is why it was necessary to obsolete it and create a new one. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'delta DNA polymerase complex ; GO:0043625'.
OBSOLETE. A multimeric enzyme complex, which in humans is a heterotetramer of four subunits of approximately 125, 50, 68 and 12kDa. Also includes the delta DNA polymerase cofactor. Functions in DNA replication, mismatch repair and excision repair.
cellular_component
cellular_component
The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
ER proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins.
replisome
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:9003788
PMID:7715707
A protein complex that recognizes the proximal sequence element of RNA polymerase II and III snRNA promoters.
SNAPc
snRNA-activating protein complex
sodium/potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
sodium pump
sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPase complex
Sodium:potassium-exchanging ATPases are tetrameric proteins, consisting of two large alpha subunits and two smaller beta subunits. The alpha subunits bear the active site and penetrate the membrane, while the beta subunits carry oligosaccharide groups and face the cell exterior.
cellular_component
A thylakoid membrane complex of chlorophylls a and b together with chlorophyll a-b binding proteins. In addition, LHCs contain a number of other proteins, the function of which is speculative, together with accessory pigments. The LHCs capture and transfer energy to photosystems I and II. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
cellular_component
light-harvesting complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
cellular_component
alpha-beta TCR complex
alpha-beta T-lymphocyte receptor complex
alpha-beta T-cell receptor complex
alpha-beta T lymphocyte receptor complex
alpha-beta T cell receptor complex
The space external to the outermost structure of a cell. For cells without external protective or external encapsulating structures this refers to space outside of the plasma membrane. This term covers the host cell environment outside an intracellular parasite.
extracellular region
cellular_component
Note that this term is intended to annotate gene products that are not attached to the cell surface.
extracellular
cellular_component
cell wall (sensu Firmicutes)
peptidoglycan
murein sacculus
cell wall (sensu Gram-positive bacteria)
A layer of peptidoglycan found outside of the cytoplasmic membrane. The peptidoglycan is relatively thick (approximately 40 nm) and retains the primary stain of the Gram procedure, thus cells appear blue after Gram stain. The cell walls often contain teichoic acids (acidic anionic polysaccharides) bound to the peptidoglycan. As in but not restricted to the Gram-positive bacteria (Firmicutes, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1239).
extrinsic to organelle membrane
Loosely bound to one surface of an organelle membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
The regulatory subcomplex of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle
cellular_component
platelet dense granule membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense granule.
cellular_component
GO:0015008
respiratory chain complex III (sensu Eukaryota)
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
ubiquinol-cytochrome c oxidoreductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 10 polypeptide subunits including four redox centers: cytochrome b/b6, cytochrome c1 and an 2Fe-2S cluster. Catalyzes the oxidation of ubiquinol by oxidized cytochrome c1. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle.
TCA cycle enzyme complex
cellular_component
tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it was not defined.
centrosomal mitotic factor
cellular_component
germ tube
ISBN:0877799148
The slender tubular outgrowth first produced by most spores in germination.
cellular_component
tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
TCA cycle enzyme complex (sensu Eukaryota)
Any of the heteromeric enzymes that act in the TCA cycle, as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
SMC complex
cohesin complex
GO:0008279
PMID:9887095
A protein complex required for sister chromatid cohesion in eukaryotes.
cellular_component
14S cohesin
Any of the discrete particles (nerve-ending particles) formed from the clublike presynaptic nerve endings that resist disruption and are snapped or torn off their attachments when brain tissue is homogenized in media isosmotic to plasma.
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
synaptosome
cellular_component
cellular_component
cytosolic type II fatty acid synthase complex
A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the cytosol.
cellular_component
amyloplast starch grain
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in amyloplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
amyloplast starch granule
cellular_component
platelet dense tubular network membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding the platelet dense tubular network.
This term was made obsolete because its definition was inaccurate. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'proteasome core complex (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0000503', 'proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0000504', and 'proteasome complex (sensu Eukaryota) ; GO:0000502' and its children.
cellular_component
PMID:10410804
OBSOLETE. A large multisubunit protease found in the cytosol that recognizes, unfolds, and digests protein substrates that have been marked for degradation by the attachment of a ubiquitin moiety. Individual subcomplexes of the complete 26S proteasome are involved in these different tasks: the ATP-dependent 19S caps are believed to unfold substrates and feed them to the actual protease, the 20S proteasome.
26S proteasome
cellular_component
The internal stores of calcium found at the base of the rhabdomere.
subrhabdomeral cisterna
importin, beta-subunit
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
karyopherin-beta1
central element
cellular_component
A structural unit of the synaptonemal complex found between the lateral elements.
cellular_component
snoRNP
small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein
A complex composed of RNA of the small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and protein, found in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell. Most are involved in a step of processing of rRNA: cleavage, 2'-O-methylation, or pseudouridylation. The majority, though not all, fall into one of two classes, box C/D type or box H/ACA type.
small nucleolar ribonucleoprotein complex
apoptosome
cellular_component
PMID:15189137
PMID:12176339
PMID:11406413
PMID:10428850
A multisubunit protein complex involved in the activation of apoptosis. In mammals it is typically composed of seven Apaf-1 subunits bound to cytochrome c and caspase-9. A similar complex to promote apoptosis is formed from homologous gene products in other eukaryotic organisms.
middle lamella
Layer of intercellular material, chiefly pectic substances, cementing together the primary walls of contiguous cells.
cellular_component
excinuclease ABC complex
cellular_component
A small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis. Its prime function is the transcription of the nucleolar DNA into 45S ribosomal-precursor RNA, the processing of this RNA into 5.8S, 18S, and 28S components of ribosomal RNA, and the association of these components with 5S RNA and proteins synthesized outside the nucleolus. This association results in the formation of ribonucleoprotein precursors; these pass into the cytoplasm and mature into the 40S and 60S subunits of the ribosome.
cellular_component
nucleolus
cellular_component
NMS complex
Ndc80-MIND-Spc7 complex
PMID:16079914
A supercomplex formed by the association of two subcomplexes (known as MIND and Ndc80 in Schizosaccharomyces) with additional proteins at the kinetochores of condensed nuclear chromosomes.
Complex that binds interleukin-9; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit. The alpha chain is specific to the interleukin-9 receptor, whereas the beta chain is shared with the receptors for several other interleukins.
PMID:10642536
cellular_component
interleukin-9 receptor complex
TGN transport vesicle membrane
cellular_component
trans-Golgi network transport vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances between the trans-Golgi network and other parts of the cell.
CBF3 complex
cellular_component
PMID:9407032
PMID:13679521
A multisubunit protein complex that binds to centromeric DNA and initiates kinetochore assembly. In yeast, this complex consists of four subunits, namely Ctf13p, Skp1p, Cep3p and Cbf2p.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because more specific children exist. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'thylakoid (sensu Cyanobacteria) ; GO:0030075' and 'chromatophore ; GO:0042716' and its children.
thylakoid (sensu Bacteria)
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
thylakoid membrane (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
The pigmented membrane of a thylakoid. As in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
Noc4p-Nop14p complex
A heterodimer associated with precursors of the eukaryotic small ribosomal subunit, including the 90S preribosome; involved in small subunit biogenesis.
cellular_component
chloroplast inner membrane
cellular_component
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope; also faces the chloroplast stroma.
chloroplast inner envelope
reaction centre (sensu Proteobacteria)
reaction centre (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
reaction center (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
A complex of photosynthetic and accessory pigments and electron carriers that operate in sequence to perform the two light reactions of photosynthesis. As in, but not restricted to, the purple bacteria and relatives (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
reaction center (sensu Proteobacteria)
cellular_component
cellular_component
intermediate filament
A distinct elongated structure, characteristically 10 nm in diameter, that occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells. Intermediate filaments form a fibrous system, composed of chemically heterogeneous subunits and involved in mechanically integrating the various components of the cytoplasmic space. Intermediate filaments may be divided into five chemically distinct classes: keratin filaments of mammalian epithelial cells; desmin filaments found in cells of muscles of all types; vimentin filaments found in mesenchymal cells; neurofilaments of neurons; and glial filaments found in all types of glial cells.
type II intermediate filament associated protein
type I intermediate filament associated protein
intermediate filament associated protein
cellular_component
steroid hormone aporeceptor complex
bud neck septin ring
cellular_component
septin ring (sensu Saccharomyces)
A ring-shaped structure that forms at the site of cytokinesis; composed of members of the conserved family of filament forming proteins called septins as well as septin-associated proteins. In S. cerevisiae, this structure forms at the time of bud emergence and the septins show a high rate of exchange.
neuromuscular junction
cellular_component
The junction between the axon of a motor neuron and a muscle fiber. In response to the arrival of action potentials, the presynaptic button releases molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane of the muscle fiber, leading to a post-synaptic potential responsible of the muscle contraction.
The whole of the genetic information of a virus, contained as either DNA or RNA.
cellular_component
viral genome
BRM complex
brahma complex
cellular_component
PMID:12482982
PMID:10809665
A multi-subunit ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complex, a counterpart of the SWI/SNF complex that contains the ATPase product of the Drosophila brahma gene.
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class III
cellular_component
A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic Class III phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Class III PI3Ks have a substrate specificity restricted to phosphatidylinositol (PI).
class III PI3K complex
phagocytic vesicle
phagosome
cellular_component
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle that arises from the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
The lipid bilayer surrounding a late endosome.
cellular_component
late endosome membrane
eukaryotic 43S preinitiation complex
eukaryotic 43S pre-initiation complex
The 43S preinitiation complex is the 40S ribosomal subunit plus eIF1A, eIF3, and eIF2-GTP-bound to the initiator tRNA.
cellular_component
A specialized primary cilium that contains a 9 + 0 arrangement of microtubules, radial spokes, and a dynein apparatus, but no inner doublet microtubules. Motile primary cilia display a distinct twirling motion that directs fluid flow asymmetrically across the cellular surface.
cellular_component
motile primary cilium
Any constituent part of cytosol, that part of the cytoplasm that does not contain membranous or particulate subcellular components.
cellular_component
cytosol component
cytosolic part
cellular_component
PME fraction
The fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is enriched for plasma membranes.
PMID:15601832
PMID:11562363
GOC:mgi_curators
glycine reductase complex
PMID:2018775
Complex that possesses glycine reductase activity; usually comprises three subunits, of which two are selenoproteins; the subunits are typically designated selenoprotein A, selenoprotein B and protein C.
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'glycine reductase activity ; GO:0030699'.
AP-3 adaptor complex
An adaptor complex found associated with endosomal membranes; it is not clear whether AP-3 forms clathrin coats in vivo.
cellular_component
immunoglobulin complex
ISBN:0140512713
A multiprotein complex that functions as an antibody. Immunoglobulins (Igs) are composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. The classes of Ig are IgA, IgD, IgE, IgG and IgM; they may be embedded in the plasma membrane or circulate in the blood or lymph.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
axonemal dynein light chain
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'axonemal dynein complex ; GO:0005858'.
synapse
The junction between a nerve fiber of one neuron and another neuron or muscle fiber or glial cell; the site of interneuronal communication. As the nerve fiber approaches the synapse it enlarges into a specialized structure, the presynaptic nerve ending, which contains mitochondria and synaptic vesicles. At the tip of the nerve ending is the presynaptic membrane; facing it, and separated from it by a minute cleft (the synaptic cleft) is a specialized area of membrane on the receiving cell, known as the postsynaptic membrane. In response to the arrival of nerve impulses, the presynaptic nerve ending secretes molecules of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. These diffuse across the cleft and transmit the signal to the postsynaptic membrane.
cellular_component
synaptic junction
snRNA cap binding complex
cellular_component
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
prokaryotic large ribosomal subunit
GO:0030498
The large subunit of a ribosome; has a sedimentation coefficient of 50S. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria)
50S ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
RFC (Rad17)
Rad17-RLC
Rad17-RFC
Rad17 RFC-like complex
A pentameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads a trimeric complex of checkpoint proteins (known as the checkpoint clamp or 9-1-1 complex) onto DNA at damage sites; functions in DNA damage cell cycle checkpoints. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Rad17p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, and Rfc5p.
prospore membrane
cellular_component
The prospore membrane is a double-membraned structure that extends from the cytoplasmic face of the spindle pole bodies to encompass the spindle pole bodies and the four nuclear lobes that are formed during meiosis. It helps isolate the meiotic nuclei from the cytoplasm during spore formation and serves as a foundation for the formation of the spore walls.
FSM
forespore membrane (sensu Fungi)
negative cofactor 2 complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
suborganelle compartment
A membrane-enclosed compartment that is a part of an organelle.
organelle subcompartment
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide) (sensu Bacteria)
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). Usually contains fewer subunits than its eukaryotic counterpart; for example, the E. coli complex contains 12 E1 dimers, 8 E2 trimers, and 6 E3 dimers arranged in highly symmetric cubic order. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
cellular_component
intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located in the periplasmic space. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
intrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria)
A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic subunit and a regulatory (adaptor) subunit of any phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K).
cellular_component
PI3K complex
1-phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase complex
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex
V-ATPase
This term was made obsolete because more specific terms were created. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'lysosomal hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex ; GO:0046611' and its children.
lysosomal membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
MACIT
Any collagen polymer that passes through a lipid bilayer membrane.
transmembrane collagen
cellular_component
origin recognition complex
cellular_component
origin of replication recognition complex
ORC
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome.
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the chloroplast inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
integral to chloroplast inner membrane
cellular_component
The side of the outer membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the periplasm.
external side of outer membrane
Any of the spindle microtubules that come from each pole and overlap at the spindle midzone. This interdigitating structure consisting of antiparallel microtubules is responsible for pushing the poles of the spindle apart.
pole-to-pole microtubule
polar microtubule
cellular_component
extrinsic to internal side of outer membrane
cellular_component
Loosely bound to the surface of the outer membrane that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; is thought to prevent futile rotation of the catalytic core.
cellular_component
proton-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, stator stalk
cellular_component
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, peripheral complex
Pigment-protein complex primarily associated to PSII in plants, green algae and cyanobacteria. Involved in state transitions that cause migration to PSI under certain environmental conditions such as high light.
ISW1 complex
A protein complex that contains an ISWI-family ATPase such as Saccharomyces Isw1p, and acts to modify chromatin structure.
cellular_component
TIP60 histone acetyltransferase complex
A complex having histone acetylase activity on chromatin, as well as ATPase, DNA helicase and structural DNA binding activities. The complex is thought to be involved in double-strand DNA break repair. Subunits of the human complex include HTATIP/TIP60, TRRAP, RUVBL1, BUVBL2, beta-actin and BAF53/ACTL6A.
PMID:10966108
cellular_component
TIP60 histone acetylase complex
lysosomal hydrogen-transporting ATPase V0 domain
cellular_component
Complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity.
cellular_component
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
cellular_component
EC:2.7.1.38
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of phosphorylase b to form phosphorylase a.
phosphorylase kinase complex
replisome (sensu Eukaryota)
A multi-component enzymatic machine at the replication fork which mediates DNA replication. Includes DNA primase, one or more DNA polymerases, DNA helicases, and other proteins. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
CBM complex
PMID:12909454
A protein complex comprising Carma1, Bcl10 and MALT1; plays a role in signal transduction during NF-kappaB activation.
CARMA1-BCL10-Malt1 complex
cellular_component
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(III) chains; type III collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
collagen type III
cellular_component
Stable, specialized structure for extrusion of waste by the cell into the surrounding medium.
cellular_component
cytoproct
cytosolic ribosome (sensu Bacteria)
The cytosolic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
70S ribosome
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chromoplast but excluding the photosynthetic material.
chromoplast stroma
cellular_component
cellular_component
A pigment protein complex that forms part of the photosystem I associated light-harvesting complex I; contains two proteins (usually about 20 kDa); has a fluorescence maximum of 730 nm.
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I, LHCIb subcomplex
hemoglobin complex
haemoglobin complex
An iron-containing, oxygen carrying complex. In vertebrates it is made up of two pairs of associated globin polypeptide chains, each chain carrying a noncovalently bound heme prosthetic group.
cellular_component
The volume enclosed within the lysosomal membrane.
PMID:15213228
cellular_component
lysosomal lumen
nuclear SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
cellular_component
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the nucleus, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
nuclear Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
nuclear SCF complex
nuclear cullin complex
cellular_component
laminin-11 complex
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha5, beta2 and gamma1.
cell tip
cellular_component
The region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell, where polarized growth may occur.
cell end
The volume enclosed by the membrane of the platelet dense granule.
platelet dense granule lumen
cellular_component
cellular_component
glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the dehydrogenation of sn-glycerol 3-phosphate to form glycerone phosphate.
EC:1.1.99.5
Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
extrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
cellular_component
male germ-cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
The nucleus of the male germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents. As in, but not restricted to, the multicellular animals (Metazoa, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33208).
male germ cell nucleus (sensu Metazoa)
cellular_component
PMID:15296749
The area in the center of the spindle where the spindle microtubules from opposite poles overlap.
spindle midzone
spindle equator
poly(A) nuclease complex
PAN complex
PMID:9774670
A complex that possesses poly(A)-specific ribonuclease activity; catalyzes the message-specific shortening of mRNA poly(A) tails. Contains at least two subunits, known as Pan2p and Pan3p in Saccharomyces.
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding the flagellum; continuous with the plasma membrane.
flagellar membrane
cellular_component
fibrillar collagen
cellular_component
Any collagen polymer in which collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
leading edge membrane
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the leading edge of a motile cell.
cellular_component
prokaryotic ORC
A multisubunit complex that is located at the replication origins of a chromosome in the cytoplasm.
cytoplasmic origin of replication recognition complex
cellular_component
cytoplasmic ORC
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cytosolic tRNA
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
cellular_component
cellular_component
uropod membrane
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding a uropod.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex I (sensu Eukaryota)
GO:0005748
A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron; the iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III). Catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
adventitious septum
A cell septum whose formation is independent of nuclear division.
cellular_component
Any constituent part of a membrane, a double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
membrane part
cellular_component
A heterodimer associated with 90S and 66S preribosomes in the nucleolus; involved in ribosomal large subunit biogenesis.
Note that the term name uses Saccharomyces gene product names because no other names have yet arisen for this complex; the term nevertheless can be used for analogous complexes in other eukaryotes, and the name can be changed if better wording is found.
Noc1p-Noc2p complex
cellular_component
PAM complex
cellular_component
pre-sequence translocase-associated import motor
PMID:14638855
PMID:14517234
Protein complex located on the matrix side of the mitochondrial inner membrane and associated with the presequence translocase complex; hydrolyzes ATP to provide the force to drive import of proteins into the mitochondrial matrix.
mitochondrial import motor
presequence translocase-associated import motor
Complex that possesses polyphosphate kinase activity.
polyphosphate kinase complex
See also the molecular function term 'polyphosphate kinase activity ; GO:0008976'.
cellular_component
cellular_component
exosporium
exospore
epispore
The outer-most layer of a bacterial endospore, which is loosely attached and located outside of the endospore coat. It is generally composed of protein, carbohydrate, and perhaps lipid.
cellular_component
integral to organelle membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an organelle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
A complex required for the loading of cohesin onto DNA prior to the establishment of cohesion. Appears to be eukaryotically conserved.
PMID:10882066
cohesin loading complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
Part of the plasma membrane that includes the basal end and sides of the cell. Often used in reference to animal polarized epithelial membranes, where the basal membrane is the part attached to the extracellular matrix, or in plant cells, where the basal membrane is defined with respect to the zygotic axis.
basolateral plasma membrane
cellular_component
tripartite ATP-independent periplasmic transporter complex
A complex consisting of two membrane proteins and one extracytoplasmic solute receptor. Such transporters transport a variety of substrates without direct ATP power, instead using enery from ion gradients.
TRAP-T transporter complex
TRAP transporter complex
A conserved multimeric membrane-associated complex involved in retrograde transport from endosomes to the Golgi apparatus. For example, the budding yeast retromer comprises Vps35p, Vps29p, Vps26p, Vps5p, and Vps17p.
retromer complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:10781591
Protein complex that mediates editing of the mRNA encoding apolipoprotein B; catalyzes the deamination of C to U (residue 6666 in the human mRNA). Contains a catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, and other proteins (e.g. human ASP; rat ASP and KSRP).
apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme complex
APOBEC
apoB mRNA editing enzyme complex
cellular_component
cytoplasmic nucleosome
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA in the cytoplasm into higher order structures.
food vacuole (sensu Apicomplexa)
digestive vacuole
Vacuole within a parasite used for digestion of the host cell cytoplasm.
cellular_component
GO:0005772
food vacuole
PMID:11142368
A ribonuclease P complex that generally contains a single RNA molecule and several protein molecules.
RNase P complex (sensu Archaea)
ribonuclease P complex (sensu Archaea
multimeric RNase P complex
cellular_component
multimeric ribonuclease P complex
PMID:12500938
PMID:11752566
The most apical region of the lateral plasma membrane of an invertebrate epithelial cell. The subapical complex lies above the zonula adherens and the septate junction, and is comparable to the position of the tight junction of vertebrate cells.
cellular_component
subapical complex
SAC
Cylindric portion of the dendrite, directly stemming from the perikaryon, and carrying the dendritic spines.
dendritic shaft
cellular_component
intrinsic to thylakoid membrane
cellular_component
Located in a thylakoid membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cytoplasmic vesicle membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a cytoplasmic vesicle.
GOC:pk
A viral genome that consists of one continuous nucleic acid molecule.
non-segmented viral genome
cellular_component
PMID:15572668
A medial cortical band overlaying the nucleus which acts as a landmark for contractile ring positioning.
medial ring
cellular_component
medial cortex
The portion of the flagellum that connects the filament to the basal body. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
flagellar hook (sensu Bacteria)
PMID:12672490
Any of a family of protein complexes that regulate transcription by remodeling chromatin. Swi/Snf complexes comprise nine or more proteins, including both conserved (core) and nonconserved components; the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase is one of the core components.
cellular_component
SWI/SNF complex
Golgi trans-face
The concave side of the Golgi apparatus, from which secretory vesicles emerge.
cellular_component
Golgi trans face
trans-Golgi network
maturing face
cellular_component
RFC (Ctf18)
Ctf18-RLC
Ctf18-RFC
Ctf18 RFC-like complex
A heptameric complex related to replication factor C, which loads the DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) onto DNA and plays a vital role in chromosome cohesion. In Saccharomyces the subunits are known as Ctf18p, Rfc2p, Rfc3p, Rfc4p, Rfc5p, Dcc1p, and Ctf8p.
cytosolic small ribosomal subunit
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because more specific children exist. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0009283' and 'cytosolic small ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota) ; GO:0005843'.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Any constituent part of an organelle, an organized structure of distinctive morphology and function. Includes constituent parts of the nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, vacuoles, vesicles, ribosomes and the cytoskeleton, but excludes the plasma membrane.
organelle part
cellular_component
apical complex
cellular_component
Protruding complex at the anterior end of some life cycle stages of all apicomplexan parasites, involved in both the attachment and penetration of the host cell by the parasite.
Invagination of the plasma membrane from which a flagellum protrudes.
cellular_component
flagellar pocket
A protein complex required for heterochromatin assembly; contains an Argonaute homolog, a chromodomain protein, and at least one additional protein; named for RNA-induced initiation of transcriptional gene silencing.
cellular_component
RITS complex
cellular_component
The larger of the two subunits of a ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
large ribosomal subunit
TORC 1 complex
TOR complex 1
nutrient sensitive complex
A protein complex that contains the TOR (target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase and mediates temporal control of cell growth via regulation of translation, transcription, ribosome biogenesis, nutrient transport, and autophagy.
PMID:15780592
cellular_component
GO:0005636
nuclear envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the nucleus and separating its contents from the rest of the cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space, a gap of width 20-40 nm (also called the perinuclear space).
cellular_component
EJC
exon-exon junction complex
cellular_component
PMID:11743026
PMID:11532962
A multi-subunit complex deposited by the spliceosome upstream of messenger RNA exon-exon junctions. The exon-exon junction complex provides a binding platform for factors involved in mRNA export and nonsense-mediated mRNA decay.
septum edging
cell septum edging
septum edging (sensu Fungi)
The cell wall material that surrounds the septum in fungal cells.
cellular_component
cellular_component
single-stranded DNA-dependent ATP-dependent DNA helicase complex
A plant cell wall that is still able to expand, permitting cell growth. Primary cell walls contain more pectin than secondary walls and no lignin is present.
cellular_component
primary cell wall
cellular_component
The acrosomal region that underlies the plasma membrane of the sperm. This membrane fuses with the sperm plasma membrane as part of the acrosome reaction.
PMID:8936405
GOC:dph
outer acrosomal membrane
cellular_component
thylakoid (sensu Glaucocystophyceae)
Photosynthetic membrane resembling that of cyanobacteria found in the cyanelles of certain algae. As in, but not restricted to, the glaucocystophytes (Glaucocystophyceae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:38254).
cellular_component
prothylakoid
Underdeveloped thylakoids found in etioplasts, lacking competent photosynthetic membranes. Rapidly develop into mature thylakoids in the presence of light.
pronucleus
cellular_component
The nucleus of either the ovum or the spermatozoon following fertilization. Thus, in the fertilized ovum, there are two pronuclei, one originating from the ovum, the other from the spermatozoon that brought about fertilization; they approach each other, but do not fuse until just before the first cleavage, when each pronucleus loses its membrane to release its contents.
cellular_component
nuclear RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
PMID:15607976
A complex required for RNAi mediated heterochromatin assembly. In S. pombe this contains RNA-directed RNA polymerase, a putative helicase and a protein containing a pap25 associated domain.
RDRC
Rdr1 complex
cellular_component
Includes alpha- and beta-dystroglycan; alternative products of the same gene; the laminin-binding component of the dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex, providing a link between the subsarcolemmal cytoskeleton (in muscle cells) and the extracellular matrix. Alpha-dystroglycan is an extracellular protein binding to alpha-laminin and to beta-dystroglycan; beta-dystroglycan is a transmembrane protein which binds alpha-dystroglycan and dystrophin.
dystroglycan complex
nucleolus component
cellular_component
nucleolar part
Any constituent part of a nucleolus, a small, dense body one or more of which are present in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. It is rich in RNA and protein, is not bounded by a limiting membrane, and is not seen during mitosis.
This term was made obsolete because dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase itself is not a complex, it is a component of the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex, the activity dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase is contained in a single polypeptide. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex ; GO:0045252' and its children.
cellular_component
dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase complex
EC:2.3.1.61
OBSOLETE. An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of succinyl-CoA to dihydrolipoamide to form S-succinyldihydrolipoamide. The enzyme is a component of the multienzyme 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex.
Cellulose is a straight chain polysaccharide composed of B(14) linked glucose subunits. It is a major component of plant cell walls where it is found as microfibrils laid down in orthogonal layers. Higher plant microfibrils are about 10nm in diameter and extremely long in relation to their width. The cellulose molecules are oriented parallel to the long axis of the microfibril in a paracrystalline array, which provides great tensile strength. The microfibrils are held in place by the wall matrix and their orientation is closely controlled by the protoplast.
cellulose microfibril
cellular_component
cellular_component
larval serum protein-1
LSP1
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
sterol-rich membrane band
A sterol rich region of the plasma membrane which forms at the cell surface overlying the contractile ring and spreads into the invaginating plasma membrane surrounding the septum.
PMID:15517003
medial membrane band
cellular_component
phosphoinositide 3-kinase complex, class IA
A complex containing a heterodimer of a catalytic Class IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) subunit bound to a SH2 domain-containing regulatory (adaptor) subunit. Class I PI3Ks phosphorylate phosphatidylinositol [PI], phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate [PI(4)P] and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], and are divided into subclasses A and B according to the type of adaptor subunit with which they associate. Through the interaction with the SH2-containing adaptor subunits, Class IA PI3K catalytic subunits are linked to tyrosine kinase signaling pathways.
class IA PI3K complex
cellular_component
PMID:14600025
A cytoplasmic protein complex containing glycogen synthase kinase-3-beta (GSK-3-beta), the adenomatous polyposis coli protein (APC), and the scaffolding protein axin, among others; phosphorylates beta-catenin, targets it for degradation by the proteasome.
beta-catenin destruction complex
cellular_component
beta-catenin degradation complex
cellular_component
Includes alpha-, beta1-, beta2-syntrophins and syntrophin-like proteins; the syntrophin complex binds to the second half of the carboxy-terminal domain of dystrophin; also associates with neuronal nitric oxide synthase.
syntrophin complex
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the mitochondrion and form the mitochondrial envelope.
cellular_component
mitochondrial membrane
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'mitochondrial outer membrane ; GO:0005741'.
cellular_component
metaxin
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
membrane attack complex protein beta2 chain
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'membrane attack complex ; GO:0005579'.
microbody
cellular_component
Cytoplasmic organelles, spherical or oval in shape, that are bounded by a single membrane and contain oxidative enzymes, especially those utilizing hydrogen peroxide (H2O2).
cellular_component
plastid inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the plastid envelope; also faces the plastid stroma.
The volume enclosed by the membranes of a peroxisome.
cellular_component
peroxisomal lumen
prospore septin ring
A tight ring-shaped structure that forms in the division plane at the site of cytokinesis in a prospore; composed of septins as well as septin-associated proteins.
cellular_component
chromoplast inner membrane
The inner, i.e. lumen-facing, lipid bilayer of the chromoplast envelope; also faces the chromoplast stroma.
cellular_component
cellular_component
A functional unit located near the cell apex at the points of contact between epithelial cells, which in vertebrates is composed of the tight junction, the zonula adherens, and desmosomes and in invertebrates is composed of the subapical complex (SAC), the zonula adherens and the septate junction. Functions in the regulation of cell polarity, tissue integrity and intercellular adhesion and permeability.
PMID:15196556
PMID:12525486
apical junction complex
extrinsic to ER membrane
extrinsic to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Loosely bound to one surface of the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
cellular_component
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Bacteria)
proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Bacteria)
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated Fo proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in assembling new virions.
cellular_component
viral assembly intermediate
chlamydospore septin filament array
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Observed in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Located in the periplasmic space and loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane, in periplasmic space
cellular_component
A short cylindrical array of microtubules and associated proteins found at the base of a eukaryotic cilium or flagellum that is similar in structure to a centriole. The basal body serves as a nucleation site for axoneme growth.
basal body
cellular_component
hydrogen-translocating F-type ATPase complex
cellular_component
The larger of the two subunits of an organellar ribosome. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation: the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site).
organellar large ribosomal subunit
mast cell granule
cellular_component
Coarse, bluish-black staining cytoplasmic granules, bounded by a plasma membrane and found in mast cells and basophils. Contents include histamine, heparin, chondroitin sulfates, chymase and tryptase.
PMID:12360215
http://www.ijp-online.com/archives/1969/001/02/r0000-0000tc.htm
intrinsic to plastid membrane
cellular_component
Located in a plastid membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
condensin core heterodimer
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. The core heterodimer of a condensin complex; the Xenopus condensin core heterodimer is an 8S subcomplex (8SC)1 consisting of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) subunits (XCAP-C and -E).
This term was made obsolete because the definition is too specific; other organisms have condensins as well. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'condensin core heterodimer ; GO:0000797'.
8S condensin
cellular_component
A conserved heterodimeric complex with SUMO activating enzyme activity.
PMID:15601841
SUMO E1 activator enzyme complex
SAE
SUMO activating enzyme complex
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III complex
RNA polymerase III, one of three nuclear DNA-directed RNA polymerases found in all eukaryotes, is a multisubunit complex; typically it produces 5S rRNA, tRNAs and some of the small nuclear RNAs. Two large subunits comprise the most conserved portion including the catalytic site and share similarity with other eukaryotic and bacterial multisubunit RNA polymerases. The remainder of the complex is composed of smaller subunits (generally ten or more), some of which are also found in RNA polymerase I and others of which are also found in RNA polymerases I and II. Although the core is competent to mediate ribonucleic acid synthesis, it requires additional factors to select the appropriate template.
cellular_component
DNA-directed RNA polymerase III activity
cellular_component
microtubule
Any of the long, generally straight, hollow tubes of internal diameter 12-15 nm and external diameter 24 nm found in a wide variety of eukaryotic cells; each consists (usually) of 13 protofilaments of polymeric tubulin, staggered in such a manner that the tubulin monomers are arranged in a helical pattern on the microtubular surface, and with the alpha/beta axes of the tubulin subunits parallel to the long axis of the tubule; exist in equilibrium with pool of tubulin monomers and can be rapidly assembled or disassembled in response to physiological stimuli; concerned with force generation, e.g. in the spindle.
CCC
Note that the following subunit names have been used: human RAD9/RAD1/HUS1; S. pombe Rad9/Rad1/Hus1; S. cerevisiae Ddc1p/Rad17p/Mec3p.
checkpoint clamp complex
PMID:12531008
Conserved heterotrimeric complex of PCNA-like proteins that is loaded onto DNA at sites of DNA damage.
Rad9-Hus1-Rad1 (9-1-1) clamp complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
transcription factor TFIIIC complex
A heterotrimeric transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase III promoters.
transcription factor TFIIH complex
cellular_component
UniProtKB:Q13889
A transcription factor which in humans consists of a complex of six protein subunits. Involved in transcription by RNA polymerase II and in nucleotide excision repair.
1-phosphatidylinositol-4-phosphate kinase, class IA complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
secondary plasmodesma
PMID:11136719
OBSOLETE. A five-subunit protein complex that plays a central role in mitotic chromosome condensation. The Xenopus condensin complex is composed of two subcomplexes, an 8S core subcomplex (8SC)1 consisting of two structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) subunits (XCAP-C and -E) and an 11S regulatory subcomplex (11SR) containing three non-SMC subunits (XCAP-D2, -G, and -H).
GO:0008620
13S condensin
This term was made obsolete because the definition is too specific; other organisms have condensin complexes. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'condensin complex ; GO:0000796'.
cellular_component
condensin complex
ribonucleoprotein complex
A macromolecular complex containing both protein and RNA molecules.
RNP
ribonucleoprotein
cellular_component
knob (sensu Plasmodium)
Protrusion that develops in the plasma membrane of a parasitized erythrocyte.
infected host cell surface knob
cellular_component
GPI-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase complex
cellular_component
Note that this term should not be confused with 'GPI-anchor transamidase complex ; GO:0042765', which represents a distinct complex with a different catalytic activity.
GPI-GlcNAc transferase complex
glycosylphosphatidylinositol-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (GPI-GnT) complex
PMID:15163411
PMID:10944123
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to an acceptor phosphatidylinositol, the first step in the production of GPI anchors for cell surface proteins. The complex contains PIG-A, PIG-C, PIG-H, PIG-Q, PIG-P, and DPM2 in human, and Eri1p, Gpi1p, Gpi2p, Gpi15p, Gpi19p, and Spt14p in budding yeast.
GPI-GnT complex
The nerve ending is the structure in which the distal end of the axon of a nerve fiber terminates. Sensory nerve endings are classified as either free or encapsulated. The free nerve ending are the most common type of nerve ending, and are most frequently found in the skin.
cellular_component
nerve ending
nerve terminal
glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
PMID:7047525
A protein complex that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
cellular_component
serine C-palmitoyltransferase complex
EC:2.3.1.50
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl on to serine, forming 3-dehydro-D-sphinganine.
cellular_component
Structure adjacent to the plaques of the spindle pole body.
half bridge of spindle pole body
cellular_component
A photochemical system containing P700, the chlorophyll a dimer that functions as a primary electron donor. Functioning as a light-dependent plastocyanin-ferredoxin oxidoreductase, it transfers electrons from plastocyanin to ferredoxin.
cellular_component
photosystem I reaction centre
photosystem I reaction center
The membrane that surrounds the acrosomal lumen. The acrosome is a special type of lysosome in the head of a spermatozoon that contains acid hydrolases and is concerned with the breakdown of the outer membrane of the ovum during fertilization.
cellular_component
acrosomal membrane
cellular_component
mRNA cleavage stimulating factor complex
cleavage stimulation factor activity
A protein complex required for mRNA cleavage but not for poly(A) addition.
CstF complex
cellular_component
GOC:16151244
A septin band, i.e. a diffuse ring composed of a series of septin bars running parallel to the long axis of the cell, located at the junction between the mother cell and the germ tube (hypha) of a fungal cell growing filamentously.
hyphal septin band
succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) (sensu Eukaryota)
succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming)
GO:0008325
cellular_component
GO:0045245
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, usually composed of an alpha and beta chain and found in eukaryotes. Functions in the TCA cycle, hydrolyzing succinyl-CoA into succinate and CoA, thereby forming GTP.
succinate-CoA ligase complex (GDP-forming) (sensu Bacteria)
PMID:9394012
PMID:9276759
GOC:pf
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle formed late in the endocytic pathway when the pH in the vacuole becomes neutral prior to exocytosis.
post-lysosomal vacuole
cellular_component
cellular_component
The end of a bud distal to the site of attachment to the mother cell.
bud tip
apical part of cell
cellular_component
The apical region of a cell.
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U4atac; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
snRNP U4atac
cellular_component
PMID:15613301
PMID:15574411
A virus-specific protein complex that possesses RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity and replicates the genome of an RNA virus.
cellular_component
viral RNA-directed RNA polymerase complex
Loosely bound to one surface of the mitochondrial inner membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
extrinsic to mitochondrial inner membrane
cellular_component
Either of the lipid bilayers that surround the nucleus and form the nuclear envelope; excludes the intermembrane space.
cellular_component
nuclear membrane
cellular_component
A ribosome contained within a plastid.
plastid ribosome
cellular_component
Schmidt-Lanterman cleft
Regions within compact myelin in which the cytoplasmic faces of the enveloping myelin sheath are not tightly juxtaposed, and include cytoplasm from the cell responsible for making the myelin. Schmidt-Lanterman clefts occur in the compact myelin internode, while lateral loops are analogous structures found in the paranodal region adjacent to the nodes of Ranvier.
cellular_component
clathrin coat of synaptic vesicle
A clathrin coat found on a synaptic vesicle.
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
cytosolic ribosomal RNA
intraflagellar transport particle B
The larger subcomplex of the intraflagellar transport particle; characterized complexes have molecular weights around 550 kDa.
cellular_component
Several ribosomes bound to one mRNA.
polyribosome
cellular_component
polysome
cellular_component
synaptic vesicle
PMID:10099709
Secretory organelles, some 50 nm in diameter, of presynaptic nerve terminals; accumulate high concentrations of neurotransmitters and secrete these into the synaptic cleft by fusion with the 'active zone' of the presynaptic plasma membrane.
cellular_component
A double-membrane bound vesicle in which endogenous cellular material is sequestered; known as autophagosome in yeast.
PMID:11099404
autophagic vacuole
autophagosome
cellular_component
postsynaptic density
PMID:14532281
http://wikipedia.org
http://molneuro.kaist.ac.kr/psd
The post synaptic density is a region that lies adjacent to the cytoplasmic face of the postsynaptic membrane at excitatory synapse. It forms a disc that consists of a range of proteins with different functions, some of which contact the cytoplasmic domains of ion channels in the postsynaptic membrane. The proteins making up the disc include receptors, and structural proteins linked to the actin cytoskeleton. They also include signalling machinery, such as protein kinases and phosphatases.
The region of a condensed chromosome kinetochore most external to centromeric DNA; this outer region mediates kinetochore-microtubule interactions.
outer kinetochore plate
outer kinetochore of condensed chromosome
cellular_component
The heterodimer formed by the beta and gamma subunits of a heterotrimeric G protein, which dissociates from the alpha subunit upon guanine nuclotide exchange.
See also the cellular component term 'heterotrimeric G-protein complex ; GO:0005834'.
G-beta/G-gamma complex
cellular_component
G-protein beta/gamma-subunit complex
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, beta-subunit
heterotrimeric G-protein GTPase, alpha-subunit
cellular_component
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures. Such structures have been observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation in S. cerevisiae and in the chlamydospore membrane during chlamydospore formation in C. albicans.
septin bar
septin filament array
Note that this domain often consists of five subunits, although in some mammalian tissues it may have an additional subunit.
cellular_component
hydrogen-transporting ATPase V0 domain
The integral domain of the V-type ATPase comprises the pore through the membrane, through which protons are translocated.
An enzymatically active or inactive multimeric complex comprised of members of the ClpX, ClpC, ClpD, ClpP or ClpR protein families. ClpPs are the proteolytic subunit of active complexes, and ClpA and ClpX form the regulatory subunits.
PMID:11352464
endopeptidase Clp complex
cellular_component
integral to thylakoid membrane
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a thylakoid membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
ESCRT III complex
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. Consists of two soluble subcomplexes of highly charged coiled-coil proteins and is required for sorting and/or concentration of multivesicular body (MVB) cargoes.
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
cellular_component
A centrosome-localized multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins assembled into a ring structure that is thought to be the unit of nucleation at the minus end of a microtubule. Gamma-tubulin small complexes are thought to be the core repeating units of the ring.
gamma-tubulin ring complex, centrosomal
cellular_component
dynein complex
Any of several large complexes that contain two or three dynein heavy chains and several light chains, and have microtubule motor activity.
Unstacked thylakoids that connect the grana stacks through the stroma.
cellular_component
chloroplast stromal thylakoid
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class V myosin heavy chains and associated light chains; involved in intracellular transport. Myosin V is a dimeric molecule consisting of conserved motor domains followed by 6 IQ motifs which bind specific light chains and calmodulin. The tail domain is important for cellular localisation and cargo binding and can be divided into an alpha-helical coiled coil region and a C-terminal globular region.
myosin V complex
Located in the outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the periplasm.
intrinsic to internal side of outer membrane
cellular_component
Complex that possesses alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase activity. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria)
2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
6-phosphofructokinase complex
A allosteric homotetrameric molecule with glycolytic activity.
axon
cellular_component
The long process of a neuron that conducts nerve impulses, usually away from the cell body to the terminals and varicosities, which are sites of storage and release of neurotransmitter.
chloroplast envelope lumen
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chloroplast envelope.
cellular_component
chloroplast intermembrane space
transcriptional repressor complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
phragmosome
A flattened membranous vesicle containing cell wall components.
cellular_component
collagen type V
A collagen heterotrimer containing type V alpha chains; [alpha1(V)]2alpha2(V) and alpha1(V)alpha2(V)alpha3(V) trimers have been observed; type V collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
PMID:16496001
Any of the large immobile protein assemblies at the plasma membrane that mark endocytic sites. In yeast, S. cerevisiae, these structures are primarily composed of Pil1p and Lsp1p.
cellular_component
eisosome
mRNA cap methyltransferase complex
mRNA (guanine-N7) methyltransferase complex
mRNA capping enzyme complex
cellular_component
PMID:10347220
A protein complex that possesses RNA (guanine-N7) methyltransferase activity and carries out mRNA capping. The fungal mRNA capping apparatus consists of three subunits, a RNA 5' triphosphatase RNA guanyl transferase and mRNA (guanine-N7) methyltransferase activities (Cet1p, Ceg1, and Abd1p in S. cerevisiae). In mammalian sytems Cet1 and Ceg1 are replaced by a bifunctional triphosphatase/guanyltransferase.
An adherens junction which connects two cells to each other.
cellular_component
cell-cell adherens junction
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
box H + ACA snoRNP protein
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product.
cellular_component
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer separating the vacuole from the cytoplasm of the cell. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
vacuolar membrane (sensu Fungi)
One of two stalks that connect the catalytic core of the hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase to the membrane-associated F0 proteins; rotates within the catalytic core during catalysis. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
proton-transporting ATP synthase, central stalk (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:11376300
PMID:11244041
An area of close contact between a lymphocyte (T-, B-, or natural killer cell) and a target cell formed through the clustering of particular signaling and adhesion molecules and their associated lipid rafts on both the lymphocyte and the target cell and facilitating activation of the lymphocyte, transfer of membrane from the target cell to the lymphocyte, and in some situations killing of the target cell through release of secretory granules and/or death-pathway ligand-receptor interaction.
immunological synapse
SLIK/SALSA complex
SALSA complex
SAGA (alt) complex
PMID:12186975
PMID:12101232
A protein complex similar to the SAGA complex but with a smaller form of Spt7 and no Spt8. Although little is known about the SLIK complex, evidence suggests involvement of the general amino acid control pathway.
cellular_component
SLIK (SAGA-like) complex
See also the cellular component term 'SAGA complex ; GO:0000124'.
See also the cellular component term 'mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex ; GO:0005742'.
PMID:12891361
A large complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane that mediates sorting of some imported proteins to the outer membrane and their assembly in the membrane; functions after import of incoming proteins by the mitochondrial outer membrane translocase complex.
mitochondrial sorting and assembly machinery complex
TOB complex
cellular_component
SAM complex
TORC 2 complex
cellular_component
A protein complex that contains the TOR (target of rapamycin) serine/threonine kinase and mediates spatial control of cell growth via regulation of actin cytoskeleton polarization.
LHCI
Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem I.
PSI associated light-harvesting complex I
cellular_component
Casparian strip
Region of plant cell wall specialised to act as a seal to prevent back leakage of secreted material (analogous to tight junction between epithelial cells). Found particularly where root parenchymal cells secrete solutes into xylem vessels. The barrier is composed of suberin; a fatty substance, containing long chain fatty acids and fatty esters, also found in the cell walls of cork cells (phellem) in higher plants.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function possessed by this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity ; GO:0050136'.
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (quinone) activity.
NADH dehydrogenase complex (quinone)
nucleus component
cellular_component
Any constituent part of the nucleus, a membrane-bounded organelle of eukaryotic cells in which chromosomes are housed and replicated.
nuclear part
fibrillin
extended fibrils
cellular_component
microfibril
http://www.xrefer.com/entry/490235
Extracellular matrix components occurring independently or along with elastin. Thought to have force-bearing functions in tendon. In addition to fibrillins, microfibrils may contain other associated proteins.
cellular_component
spore coat
spore wall
The specialized envelope lying outside the cell membrane of a spore.
cellular_component
intrinsic to endosome membrane
Located in the endosome membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
snRNP U7
PMID:12872004
A ribonucleoprotein complex, that includes the U7 snRNA, required for the 3'-end processing of replication-dependent histone pre-mRNAs.
A specialised tubular organelle, assembled in hexagonal bundles within an external membrane. Mannosomes are specific to molluscs and are thought to be involved in a general stress reaction.
PMID:9799531
PMID:11912051
cellular_component
mannosome
photoreceptor connecting cilium
cellular_component
PMID:8718680
PMID:15917207
A 9+0 cilium that forms the portion of the axoneme traversing the boundary between the photoreceptor inner and outer segments.
photoreceptor cilium
smooth muscle dense body
Electron-dense region associated with a smooth muscle contractile fiber.
cellular_component
TCC
cellular_component
membrane attack complex protein beta2 chain
terminal complement complex
ISBN:068340007X
A complex produced by sequentially activated components of the complement cascade inserted into a target cell membrane and forming a pore leading to cell lysis via ion and water flow.
membrane attack complex protein alphaM chain
membrane attack complex
MAC
glycine cleavage complex
cellular_component
glycine synthase complex
glycine cleavage system
A multienzyme complex that catalyzes the reversible oxidation of glycine. In E. coli, it has four components: dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase, glycine dehydrogenase (decarboxylating), lipoyl-GcvH-protein and aminomethyltransferase.
MetaCyc:GCVMULTI-CPLX
palmitoyltransferase complex
A dimeric complex of the endoplasmic reticulum that catalyzes S-palmitoylation, the addition of palmitate (C16:0) or other long-chain fatty acids to proteins at a cysteine residue.
cellular_component
Hedgehog signaling complex
HSC
PMID:15057936
PMID:10825151
A multiprotein complex that binds microtubules in a Hedgehog-dependent manner, and is required for signal transduction by members of the Hedgehog family of proteins. The core components of the complex are the serine/threonine protein kinase Fused, the kinesin motor protein Costal2 (Cos2), and a zinc finger transcription factor (Gli family members in humans, and Cubitus interruptus (Ci) in Drosophila).
cellular_component
microvillus
cellular_component
ISBN:0813516194
Thin cylindrical membrane-covered projections on the surface of an animal cell containing a core bundle of actin filaments. Present in especially large numbers on the absorptive surface of intestinal cells.
LHCII
Protein-pigment complex associated with photosystem II.
ISBN:0582227089
cellular_component
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II
DGC complex
A multiprotein complex that forms the critical link between the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix; typical of, but not confined, to muscle cells. The constituents of the complex are somewhat tissue specific. The rod-like dystrophin forms a link between the actin cytoskeleton and the plasma membrane; links between dystrophin and the extracellular matrix are provided by the sarcoglycan complex.
dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
Golgi-vacuole transport vesicle
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133' and its children.
cellular_component
A nucleoplasmic speckle distributed in the interchromatin space of cells in close proximity to chromatin. Omega speckles are distinct from interchromatin granules and contain heterogeneous nuclear RNA-binding proteins (hnRNPs).
omega speckle
cellular_component
The area of a motile cell perpendicular to the direction of movement.
lateral part of motile cell
kinesin I complex
A complex of two kinesin heavy chains and two kinesin light chains.
cellular_component
A protein complex required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes and platelet dense granules. Many of the protein subunits are conserved between mouse and human; the mouse complx contains the Pallidin, Muted, Cappuccino, Dysbindin, Sapin, BLOS1, BLOS2, AND BLOS3 proteins.
PMID:15102850
cellular_component
BLOC-1 complex
The bundle of microtubules and associated proteins that forms the core of cilia in eukaryotic cells and is responsible for their movements.
cilium axoneme
cellular_component
midbody
A thin cytoplasmic bridge formed between daughter cells at the end of cytokinesis. The midbody forms where the contractile ring constricts, and may persist for some time before finally breaking to complete cytokinesis.
cellular_component
cellular_component
The basal region of a cell.
basal part of cell
cellular_component
The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome in the nucleus.
nuclear chromatin
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha3, beta3 and gamma2.
laminin-5 complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
nuclear euchromatin
The dispersed less dense form of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. It exists in at least two forms, a some being in the form of transcriptionally active chromatin which is the least condensed, while the rest is inactive euchromatin which is more condensed than active chromatin but less condensed than heterochromatin.
delta DNA polymerase cofactor complex
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A complex of proteins that interacts with delta-DNA polymerase, promoting elongation. In humans it is a heteropentamer of subunits of 140/145, 40, 38, 37 and 36.5 kDa, which form a complex with the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) in the presence of ATP.
UniProtKB:P35249
delta-DNA polymerase cofactor complex
This term was made obsolete because it refers to two distinct complexes, PCNA and Replication factor C (RFC), the latter of which is already represented as a separate, unrelated GO term (DNA replication factor C complex ; GO:0005663). In addition, the phrase 'delta-DNA polymerase cofactor' to represent both PCNA and RFC is not used in current literature. To update annotations, use the cellular component terms 'DNA replication factor C complex ; GO:0005663' and 'PCNA complex ; GO:0043626'.
cellular_component
small ribosomal subunit
The smaller of the two subunits of a ribosome.
A myosin complex containing a class XVIII myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin XVIII heavy chains contain an N-terminal PDZ domain.
myosin XVIII complex
cellular_component
sarcoglycan complex
cellular_component
Formed of five N-glycosylated sarcoglycans: alpha-, beta-, gamma-, delta-, and epsilon sarcoglycan, single-pass transmembrane proteins that form a complex which is fixed to the dystrophin axis by a lateral association with the dystroglycan complex.
radial spokehead
cellular_component
Protein complex forming part of eukaryotic flagellar apparatus.
A single stranded RNA genome with the opposite nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
negative sense viral genome
cellular_component
26S proteasome
cellular_component
proteasome regulatory particle (sensu Bacteria)
A multisubunit complex that recognizes and unfolds ubiquitinated proteins, and translocates them to the core complex in an ATP dependent manner. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
synaptonemal complex
OBSOLETE. A structure that holds paired chromosomes together during prophase I of meiosis and that promotes genetic recombination.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the definition is not true for every organism. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'synaptonemal complex ; GO:0000795'.
Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
cellular_component
inhibin complex
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with either an inhibin beta-A subunit, to form inhibin A, or an inhibin beta-B subunit, to form inhibin B.
cellular_component
Intranuclear foci at which aggregated proteins have been sequestered.
nuclear inclusion body
cellular_component
Any complex that binds to an mRNA cap at any time in the lifetime of the mRNA.
mRNA cap complex
cellular_component
ER proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex
The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the endoplasmic reticulum of a cell.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'membrane attack complex ; GO:0005579'.
membrane attack complex protein alphaM chain
integrator complex
cellular_component
PMID:16239144
A protein complex that stably associates with the C-terminus of RNA polymerase II and mediates 3'-end processing of small nuclear RNAs generated by RNA polymerase II.
chromatophore
chromatophore vesicle
Note that this structure is distinct from the chromoplast of plants, which is also sometimes called a chromatophore; it also should not be confused with the specialized pigment-producing cells known as chromatophores, found in fish and amphibian skin.
thylakoid (sensu Bacteria)
thylakoid (sensu Proteobacteria)
cellular_component
A pigment bearing structure found in certain photosynthetic bacteria and cyanobacteria which is derived from the cytoplasmic membrane, sometimes consisting of simple invaginations and sometimes a complete vesicle.
DSIF complex
Spt4-Spt5 complex
DRB sensitivity inducing factor complex
5,6-Dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole sensitivity inducing factor complex
cellular_component
PMID:16581788
PMID:12676794
PMID:12653964
PMID:12242279
A heterodimeric protein complex formed of Spt4 and Spt5 proteins which is expressed in eukaryotes from yeast to man. DSIF is an inhibitory elongation factor that promotes RNA polymerase II transcriptional pausing, but can also stimulate transcriptional elongation under certain conditions.
vimentin
OBSOLETE. A type of intermediate filament.
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'type III intermediate filament ; GO:0045098'.
cellular_component
Any complex, distinct from RNA polymerase, including one or more polypeptides capable of binding DNA at promoters or at cis-acting regulatory sequences, and regulating transcription.
cellular_component
transcription factor complex
Any of the granules, approximately 32 nm x 48 nm and consisting of highly aggregated phycobiliproteins, that are attached in arrays to the external face of a thylakoid membrane in algae of the phyla Cyanophyta and Rhodophyta, where they function as light-harvesting devices in photosynthesis. Excitation energy in the phycobilisome flows in the sequence: phycoerythrin, phycocyanin, allophycocyanin before passing to the antenna chlorophyll of photosystem II.
cellular_component
phycobilisome
cyanosome
cellular_component
A transcription factor for eukaryotic RNA polymerase III promoters that is an RNA polymerase binding protein.
transcription factor TFIIIB complex
cellular_component
PMID:3470787
PMID:2706246
A stable heterodimer of angiogenin and placental ribonuclease inhibitor; interaction between angiogenin and PRI prevents angiogenin binding to its receptor to stimulate angiogenesis.
angiogenin-PRI complex
angiogenin-placental ribonuclease inhibitor complex
cellular_component
A multiprotein complex composed of gamma-tubulin and other non-tubulin proteins. Gamma-tubulin complexes are localized to microtubule organizing centers, and play an important role in the nucleation of microtubules. The number and complexity of non-tubulin proteins associated with these complexes varies between species.
gamma-tubulin complex
cellular_component
interleukin-1 receptor complex
Complex that binds interleukin-1; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
InterPro:IPR004075
ER component
Any constituent part of the endoplasmic reticulum, the irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae.
endoplasmic reticulum part
cellular_component
caspase complex
cellular_component
A cytosolic endopeptidase with specificity for the hydrolysis of aspartyl bonds. Caspases are involved in apoptosis.
intercalary heterochromatin
cellular_component
PMID:14579245
Any of the regions of heterochromatin that form a reproducible set of dense bands scattered along the euchromatic arms in polytene chromosomes.
early phagosome
cellular_component
A membrane-bounded intracellular vesicle as initially formed upon the ingestion of particulate material by phagocytosis.
early phagocytic vesicle
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
transcription-activating factor, 30kD
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'transcription factor TFIID complex ; GO:0005669'.
A stable empty viral capsid produced during the assembly of viruses.
ISBN:0072370319
viral procapsid
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'intermediate filament ; GO:0005882'.
intermediate filament associated protein
cellular_component
IFAP
OBSOLETE. Proteins that associate with intermediate filaments and function in the supramolecular organization of cellular intermediate filament networks.
Complex that possesses NADH dehydrogenase (plastoquinone) activity, as in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
cellular_component
NADH dehydrogenase complex (plastoquinone) (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase V0 domain
platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase complex
1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
An enzyme complex composed of two catalytic alpha subunits, which form a catalytic dimer, and a non-catalytic, regulatory beta subunit; the catalytic dimer may be an alpha1/alpha1 or alpha2/alpha2 homodimer, or an alpha1/alpha2 heterodimer. Modulates the action of platelet-activating factor (PAF).
UniProtKB:Q28017
PMID:10542206
2-acetyl-1-alkylglycerophosphocholine esterase complex
cellular_component
See also the molecular function term '1-alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine esterase activity ; GO:0003847'.
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'ER to Golgi transport vesicle ; GO:0030134'.
ER-Golgi transport vesicle
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
PMID:10512869
Integral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; require detergents, such as Triton X-100, to be released from membranes.
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
integral to membrane of membrane fraction
cellular_component
muscle fibre
muscle fiber
Fibers, composed of actin, myosin, and associated proteins, found in cells of smooth or striated muscle.
cellular_component
contractile fiber
muscle motor activity
contractile fibre
cellular_component
imidazoleglycerol phosphate synthase complex
See also the molecular function term 'imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity ; GO:0000107'.
imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase complex
Complex that possesses imidazoleglycerol-phosphate synthase activity.
cellular_component
A protein complex found in eukaryotes containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors in the mitochondrial electron transport system. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
electron transfer flavoprotein complex (sensu Eukaryota)
H zone
H disc
H band
A relatively pale zone traversing the center of the A band of a sarcomere, visible in relaxed muscle fibers; consists of the central portion of thick (myosin) filaments that are not overlapped by thin (actin) filaments.
cellular_component
cellular_component
vesicle membrane
The lipid bilayer surrounding any membrane-bounded vesicle in the cell.
Respiratory chain complex I is an enzyme of the respiratory chain, consisting of at least 34 polypeptide chains. It is L-shaped, with a horizontal arm lying in the membrane and a vertical arm that projects into the matrix. The electrons of NADH enter the chain at this complex.
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex I
NADH-Q oxidoreductase complex
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(II) chains; type II collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
collagen type II
cellular_component
cellular_component
outer membrane exporter porin
A lipid bilayer that forms the outermost layer of the cell envelope; enriched in polysaccharide and protein; the outer leaflet of the membrane contains specific lipopolysaccharide structures. As in, but not restricted to, the Gram-negative bacteria (Proteobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1224).
outer membrane (sensu Proteobacteria)
outer membrane (sensu Gram-negative bacteria)
cellular_component
vacuolar lumen
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane.
cellular_component
A 20 nm diameter filament composed of subunits of flagellin driven passively at its base by a motor powered by the transmembrane proton potential. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
flagellum (sensu Bacteria)
cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
An enzyme complex, composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits, that catalyzes protein phosphorylation. Inactive forms of the enzyme have two regulatory chains and two catalytic chains; activation by cAMP produces two active catalytic monomers and a regulatory dimer.
3',5'-cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase complex
cellular_component
adenosine 3',5'-cyclophosphate-dependent protein kinase complex
3',5' cAMP-dependent protein kinase complex
PKA
external encapsulating structure part
cellular_component
Any constituent part of an external encapsulating structure, a structure that lies outside the plasma membrane and surrounds the entire cell.
alpha-heterochromatin
A small, compact region of heterochromatin located in the middle of the polytene chromosome chromocenter, which undergoes little or no replication during polytenization.
cellular_component
mitochondrial type II fatty acid synthase complex
A fatty acid synthase complex in which each polypeptide chain catalyzes a single activity, located in the mitochondrion.
cellular_component
cellular_component
Maurer's cleft
cellular_component
The cytoplasm of a host cell.
host cell cytoplasm
A protein complex containing flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) that, together with an acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, forms a system that oxidizes an acyl-CoA molecule and reduces ubiquinone and other acceptors. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
electron transfer flavoprotein complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
cellular_component
brush border
Dense covering of microvilli on the apical surface of epithelial cells in the intestine and kidney; the microvilli aid absorption by increasing the surface area of the cell.
A nonsteroidal regulator, composed of two covalently linked inhibin beta subunits (sometimes known as activin beta or activin/inhibin beta), inhibin beta-A and inhibin beta-B.
activin AB complex
inhibin beta-B
inhibin beta-A
Note that the actions of the activin complex are the opposite of those of the inhibin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A or inhibin beta-B subunit and a inhibin alpha subunit. See 'inhibin complex ; GO:0043511'.
cellular_component
i-AAA complex
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane whose catalytic residues lie on the intermembrane space side of the inner membrane; involved in mitochondrial protein turnover. Contains a subunit belonging to the AAA family of ATP-dependent metalloproteases.
PMID:16267274
PMID:16247555
cellular_component
endospore external encapsulating structure
cellular_component
The structures that lie outside the inner membrane and surround the entire endospore.
lamellar body
A membrane bounded organelle, specialized for the storage and secretion various substances (surfactant phospholipids, glycoproteins and acid phosphates) which are arranged in the form of tightly packed, concentric, membrane sheets or lamellae. Has some similar properties to, but is distinct from, a lysosome.
PMID:12243725
cellular_component
Odland body
membrane-coating granule
lamellar granule
keratinosome
A multisubunit guanine nucleotide exchange factor which catalyzes the exchange of GDP bound to initiation factor eIF2 for GTP, generating active eIF2-GTP. In humans, it is composed of five subunits, alpha, beta, delta, gamma and epsilon.
PMID:9438375
eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2B complex
eIF-2B
cellular_component
Lid2 complex
cellular_component
PMID:12488447
A protein complex that is thought to be involved in regulation of chromatin remodeling. In Schizosaccharomyces the complex contains Lid1p, Ash2p, Ecm5p, Snt2p, and Sdc1p.
cellular_component
nephrocyte junction
A tissue-specific adherens junction found in kidney cells.
keratin filament
cellular_component
basic/neutral keratin
acidic keratin
A filament composed of acidic and basic keratins (types I and II), typically expressed in epithelial cells. The keratins are the most diverse classes of IF proteins, with a large number of keratin isoforms being expressed. Each type of epithelium always expresses a characteristic combination of type I and type II keratins.
interleukin-20 receptor complex
cellular_component
Complex that binds interleukin-20; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
plastid biotin carboxylase complex
cellular_component
A biotin carboxylase complex located in the stroma of a plastid.
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VIII myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VIII is predicted to be dimeric, and contain an unusual 100-190 residue N-terminal extension prior to their motor domains, 3-4 IQ motifs, a short region (~70 residues) of predicted alpha-helical coiled coil and a C-terminal domain.
cellular_component
myosin VIII complex
A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains polyploid copies of a portion of the cell's complete genome. Transcription of genes occurs in macronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple macronuclei per cell.
macronucleus
cellular_component
cellular_component
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0) (sensu Eukaryota)
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector
All non-F1 subunits of the mitochondrial hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral mitochondrial inner membrane proteins. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
Any thylakoid within a plastid.
plastid thylakoid
Cul2-RING ubiquitin ligase complex
CDL2 complex
SCF2 complex
cellular_component
cullin-RING ligase 2
CRL2 complex
VBC complex
CBC complex
A ubiquitin ligase complex in which a cullin from the Cul2 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by an elongin-BC adaptor and a SOCS/BC box protein.
EC2S complex
ECS complex
fumarate reductase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
succinate dehydrogenase complex (ubiquinone) (sensu Eukaryota)
respiratory chain complex II (sensu Eukaryota)
GO:0008136
GO:0030390
GO:0009362
A part of the respiratory chain, containing the four polypeptide subunits of succinate dehydrogenase, flavin-adenine dinucleotide and iron-sulfur. Catalyzes the oxidation of succinate by ubiquinone. Connects the TCA cycle with the respiratory chain. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
succinate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
GO:0019738
cellular_component
collagen type XVIII
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XII) chains; type XII collagen triple helices may link sheet-forming or fibrillar collagens to other structures.
cellular_component
Double layer of lipid molecules that encloses all cells, and, in eukaryotes, many organelles; may be a single or double lipid bilayer; also includes associated proteins.
membrane
cellular_component
Tethered to a membrane by a covalently attached anchor, such as a lipid moiety, that is embedded in the membrane. When used to describe a protein, indicates that none of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.
anchored to membrane
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the trailing edge of a motile cell.
cellular_component
trailing edge membrane
cellular_component
polytene chromosome ectopic fiber
A thread-like connection joining two regions of ectopically paired polytene chromosomes.
polytene chromosome ectopic fibre
biotin carboxylase complex
EC:6.3.4.14
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of carboxybiotin-carboxyl-carrier protein from biotin-carboxyl-carrier protein and carbon dioxide (CO2).
cellular_component
dense nuclear body
cellular_component
A location in the host cell nucleus where viral proteins colocalize late in infection prior to the onset of viral DNA synthesis. More than one site can be present simultaneously.
PMID:10233976
microneme
cellular_component
Elongated tubular organelle arranged longitudinally in the apical complex of an apicomplexan parasite.
A thylakoid; as in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
cellular_component
thylakoid (sensu Bacteria)
thylakoid (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
Type I site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
PMID:15788748
A multisubunit complex composed of two copies of a restriction (R) subunit, two copies of a methylation (M) subunit, and one copy of a specificity (S) subunit. This complex recognizes specific short DNA sequences (through the S subunit), and binds to them. If the recognition site is hemimethylated, the complex acts as a methyltransferase which modifies the recognition site, using S-adenosylmethionine as the methyl donor. Only the M and S subunits are required for this reaction. If the complex binds to an unmethylated recognition site, then the complex translocates the DNA bidirectionally in an ATP-dependent manner. When the translocation is stalled by impact with another complex or unusual DNA structure, the enzyme functions as an endonuclease and cleavage of the DNA will occur, hundreds or thousands of base pairs away from the recognition site. These DNA restriction systems are used by bacteria to defend against phage and other foreign DNA that may enter a cell.
Type I restriction enzyme complex
Specific locations and structures in the virus infected cell involved in transcribing the viral genome.
viral transcriptional complex
cellular_component
cytoneme
PMID:10675901
PMID:10367889
A long, thin and polarized actin-based extension that projects from a cell and can extend for distances many times the diameter of the cell. Cytonemes represent extensions of cell cytoplasm and typically have a diameter of approximately 0.2um.
cellular_component
cellular_component
mitotic septin complex
A heterooligomeric septin complex that acts during mitotic cell division.
cyanelle ribonuclease P complex
A ribonuclease P complex located in the cyanelle, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The best characterized cyanelle ribonuclease P complex, from the alga Cyanophora paradoxa, contains a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
cyanelle RNase P complex
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location, not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The function of this complex is represented by the molecular function term 'histone acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004402'.
histone acetyltransferase complex
Complex that possesses histone acetyltransferase activity.
cellular_component
histone acetylase complex
The volume enclosed within the vacuolar membrane of the vacuole. As in, but not restricted to, the fungi (Fungi, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4751).
cellular_component
vacuolar lumen (sensu Fungi)
EC:1.14.11.2
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of procollagen trans-4-hydroxy-L-proline and succinate from procollagen L-proline and 2-oxoglutarate, requiring Fe2+ and ascorbate.
procollagen-proline, 2-oxoglutarate-4-dioxygenase complex
cellular_component
MMR complex
cellular_component
A heterodimer involved in the recognition of base-base and small insertion/deletion mismatches. In human the complex consists of two subunits, MLH1 and PMS1.
MLH1/PMS1 complex
MutLbeta complex
subpellicular microtubule
Singlet microtubules that lie underneath the inner membrane complex and emanate from the basal ring of the conoid.
cellular_component
UBC13-MMS2 complex
cellular_component
A heterodimeric ubiquitin conjugating enzyme complex that catalyzes assembly of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains, which act as a signal to promote error-free DNA postreplication repair; in Saccharomyces the complex comprises Ubc13p and Mms2p.
PMID:15772086
cellular_component
A segmented viral genome consisting of more than three sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
multipartite viral genome
chromatin
chromosome scaffold
cellular_component
The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome.
inter-Golgi transport vesicle membrane
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances within the Golgi.
shmoo tip
shmoo
conjugation tube
The projection formed by unicellular fungi in response to mating pheromone.
mating projection
cellular_component
cellular_component
The extracellular (rather than the intracellular) exterior of a dividing septum; this surface is usually composed of cell wall material, for example, lineal (1,3)-beta-D-glucan in S. pombe.
cell septum surface
septum surface
cellular_component
Protrusion from a dendrite. Spines are specialised subcellular compartments involved in the synaptic transmission. They are linked to the dendritic shaft by a restriction. Because of their bulb shape, they function as a biochemical and an electrical compartment. Spine remodeling is though to be involved in synaptic plasticity.
dendritic spine
compact myelin
cellular_component
The portion of the myelin sheath in which layers of cell membrane are tightly juxtaposed, completely excluding cytoplasm. The juxtaposed cytoplasmic surfaces form the major dense line, while the juxtaposed extracellular surfaces form the interperiod line visible in electron micrographs.
cellular_component
intrinsic to plasma membrane
Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by membrane or protein.
vesicle
synaptic cleft
The narrow gap that separates the presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes, into which neurotransmitter is released.
http://synapses.mcg.edu/anatomy/chemical/synapse.stm
cellular_component
intrinsic to contractile vacuolar membrane
cellular_component
Located in the contractile vacuolar membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase complex (sensu Magnoliophyta)
A complex containing either both large and small subunits or just small subunits which carries out the activity of producing 3-phosphoglycerate from carbon dioxide and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
RubisCO complex (sensu Magnoliophyta)
cellular_component
cortical microtubule cytoskeleton
The portion of the microtubule cytoskeleton that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
helical viral capsid
cellular_component
The protein coat that surrounds the infective nucleic acid in some virus particles; the subunits are arranged to form a protein helix with the genetic material contained within. Tobacco mosaic virus has such a capsid structure.
nuclear chromosome
nuclear interphase chromosome
cellular_component
A chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
cellular_component
See also the cellular component term 'cellular component unknown ; GO:0008372'.
unlocalized protein complex
Used as a holding place for cellular components whose precise localization is, as yet, unknown, or has not been determined by GO (the latter is the major reason for nodes to have this parent); this term should not be used for annotation of gene products.
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the Golgi complex membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
integral to Golgi membrane
Golgi integral membrane protein
capsomer
cellular_component
capsomere
Any of the protein subunits that comprise the closed shell or coat (capsid) of certain viruses.
cellular_component
A single or double lipid bilayer with any of several different proteinaceous coats that can associate with membranes. Membrane coats include those formed by clathrin plus an adaptor complex, the COPI and COPII complexes.
coated membrane
cellular_component
A protein complex that possesses AMP-dependent protein kinase activity.
AMP-activated protein kinase complex
5'-AMP-activated protein kinase complex
Snf1 serine/threonine protein kinase complex
Snf1 kinase complex
cellular_component
actomyosin
Any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
PMID:7559785
PMID:11031238
PMID:10944589
http://genetics.cwru.edu/matera3.html
A class of nuclear body, first seen after silver staining by Cajal in 1903, enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoproteins, and certain general RNA polymerase II transcription factors; ultrastructurally, they appear as a tangle of coiled, electron-dense threads roughly 0.5 micrometers in diameter; involved in aspects of snRNP biogenesis; the protein coilin serves as a marker for Cajal bodies. Some argue that Cajal bodies are the sites for preassembly of transcriptosomes, unitary particles involved in transcription and processing of RNA.
cellular_component
Cajal body
Gems
coiled body
The sex chromosome present in both sexes of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex. Two copies of the X chromosome are present in each somatic cell of females and one copy is present in males.
cellular_component
X chromosome
cellular_component
PMID:12923177
PMID:12812759
The active zone is a specialized site of the presynaptic plasma membrane where docking and fusion of synaptic vesicles occurs for the release of neurotransmitters.
CAZ plasma membrane
active zone presynaptic plasma membrane
lytic vacuole within protein storage vacuole
cellular_component
PMID:11739490
A membrane-bound compartment containing crystals of phytic acid and proteins characteristic of a lytic vacuole, found within a storage vacuole.
box C/D snoRNP complex
cellular_component
A ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nucleolar RNA of the box C/D type.
chloroplast starch grain
Plant storage body for amylose and amylopectin, 1-100um in diameter, and located in chloroplasts. Also contains small amounts of enzymes, amino acids, lipids and nucleic acids. The shape of the grain varies widely amongst species, but is often spherical or disk-shaped.
chloroplast starch granule
cellular_component
cellular_component
Photosystem I; as in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
photosystem I (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
transmembrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer. When used to describe a protein, indicates that all or part of the peptide sequence is embedded in the membrane.
integral to membrane
cytoplasmic SCF ubiquitin ligase complex
cellular_component
A ubiquitin ligase complex, located in the cytoplasm, in which a cullin from the Cul1 subfamily and a RING domain protein form the catalytic core; substrate specificity is conferred by a Skp1 adaptor and an F-box protein. SCF complexes are involved in targeting proteins for degradation by the proteasome. The best characterized complexes are those from yeast and mammals (with core subunits named Cdc53/Cul1, Rbx1/Hrt1/Roc1).
cytoplasmic Skp1/Cul1/F-box protein complex
cytoplasmic SCF complex
cytoplasmic cullin complex
gamma-tubulin complex (sensu Saccharomyces)
cellular_component
Tub4 complex
A complex composed of two gamma-tubulin molecules and conserved non-tubulin proteins isolated by fractionation from cells. The complex, approximately 6S-9S, is analogous to the small complex in animal cells but contains fewer subunits, and is not thought to multimerize into larger functional units, like complexes in those organisms. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Saccharomyces (Saccharomyces, ncbi_taxonomy_id:4930).
membrane-bound vesicle
Any small, fluid-filled, spherical organelle enclosed by a lipid bilayer.
cellular_component
cellular_component
larval serum protein complex
UniProtKB:P11995
A multisubunit protein complex which, in Drosophila, is a heterohexamer of three subunits, alpha, beta and gamma. The complex is thought to store amino acids for synthesis of adult proteins.
organelle outer membrane
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of an organelle envelope.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; its position in the ontology suggested that a new term was required. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'ER to Golgi transport vesicle ; GO:0030134'.
COPII vesicle
N-terminal protein acetyltransferase complex
cellular_component
NAT complex
A complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to the N-terminal residue of a protein acceptor molecule.
UniProtKB:Q08024
A heterodimer with alpha- and beta-subunits that binds the core site 5'-PYGPYGGT-3' of several enhancers and promoters; the beta-subunit enhances the DNA binding of the alpha-subunit.
cellular_component
core-binding factor complex
PMID:15897182
PMID:12719471
A protein complex that forms part of the inner centromere, which is involved in the loading of the centromeric histone h3 variant CENP-A onto centromeres and in centromere specific heterochromatin formation. The complex contains about 12 proteins, of which two are known as Mis6 and Sim4 in S. pombe and CENP-I and CENP-H in human.
Mis6 centromere subcomplex
Sim4 complex
Mis6-Sim4 complex
cellular_component
axonemal microtubule
A microtubule in the axoneme of a cilium or flagellum; an axoneme contains nine modified doublet microtubules surrounding a pair of single microtubules.
cellular_component
integral to mitochondrial inner membrane
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of the mitochondrial inner membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
Photosystem II; as in, but not restricted to, the blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:1117).
photosystem II (sensu Cyanobacteria)
cellular_component
polyhedral organelle
An organelle found in bacteria consisting of a proteinaceous coat containing metabolic enzymes whose purpose is the sequestration or concentration of metabolites and which has the appearance of a polygonal granule by electron microscopy.
cellular_component
The area of a motile cell opposite to the direction of movement.
trailing edge
back of cell
cellular_component
A membrane-bound organelle that carries materials newly ingested by endocytosis. It passes many of the materials to lysosomes for degradation.
endosomal oligosaccharide transporter
cellular_component
endosome
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that contains cytochrome b/b6 and cytochrome c1. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex (sensu Bacteria)
BLOC complex
Any of several protein complexes required for the biogenesis of specialized organelles of the endosomal-lysosomal system, such as melanosomes, platelet dense granules, and other related organelles; acronym for biogenesis of lysosomal-related organelles complex.
PMID:15261680
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
RNA
cellular_component
parasitophorous vacuolar space
Space between a parasite plasma membrane and the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane.
inner plaque of spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the inner plaque is in the nucleus.
cellular_component
tRNA (m2G10) methyltransferase complex
cellular_component
A protein complex required for the methylation of the guanosine nucleotide at position 10 (m2G10) in tRNA. In S. cerevisiae, this complex consists of at least two subunits, Trm11p and Trm112p.
PMID:15899842
pericentriolar material
A network of small fibers that surrounds the centrioles in cells; contains the microtubule nucleating activity of the centrosome.
cellular_component
The third layer of the sexine.
cellular_component
sculpture element
A double membrane structure enclosing an organelle, including two lipid bilayers and the region between them. In some cases, an organelle envelope may have more than two membranes.
cellular_component
organelle envelope
germline granule
cellular_component
nuage
A small protein-containing electron dense organelle, not surrounded by a membrane, that induces the formation of and becomes incorporated into germ cells.
polar granule
cellular_component
type I intermediate filament associated protein
OBSOLETE. Low molecular weight (10-45 kDa) proteins that associate with intermediate filaments by lateral binding of the filaments and have the effect of creating tight macrofilament aggregates.
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'intermediate filament ; GO:0005882'.
This term was made obsolete as part of a general reorganization of vesicle and vesicle coat terms; a personal communication from John Armstrong indicated that a replacement term was not required, as TGN-Golgi transport is likely to be mediated by tubules rather than vesicles. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'transport vesicle ; GO:0030133'.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Golgi-plasma membrane transport vesicle
cellular_component
mtDNA
mitochondrial DNA
mitochondrial chromosome
mitochondrial genome
A chromosome found in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell.
cellular_component
cellular_component
intrinsic to plastid outer membrane
Located in a plastid outer membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transferase complex
PMID:16100113
PMID:16100110
PMID:15615718
A heterooligomeric complex that in yeast is composed of a catalytic subunit, Alg13p, and an anchoring subunit, Alg14p. Catalyses the second step of dolichyl-linked oligosaccharide synthesis of GlcNAc2-PP-dolichol from GlcNAc1-PP-Dol and UDP-GlcNAc.
See also the molecular function term 'N-acetylglucosaminyldiphosphodolichol N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity ; GO:0004577'.
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIIc subcomplex
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because the 'complex' it refers to contains only one gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex ; GO:0009655'.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
sodium-transporting two-sector ATPase complex
A multisubunit non-phosphorylated ATPase that is involved in the transport of ions.
EC:3.6.3.15
cellular_component
cellular_component
SMC/kleisin ring complex
A molecular ring complex composed of structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) and kleisin proteins. For example, in yeast, the complex is composed of the SMC proteins Smc1 and Smc3, and the kleisin protein Scc1.
PMID:12667442
cellular_component
positive sense viral genome
A single stranded RNA genome with the same nucleotide polarity as mRNA.
insoluble fraction
particle-bound
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
That fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that is not soluble in water.
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome regulatory particle, base subcomplex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
The subunits of the regulatory particle that directly associate with the core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
A part of the respiratory chain, containing about 25 different polypeptide subunits, including NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone), flavin mononucleotide and several different iron-sulfur clusters containing non-heme iron; the iron undergoes oxidation-reduction between Fe(II) and Fe(III). Catalyzes proton translocation linked to the oxidation of NADH by ubiquinone. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) complex (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
respiratory chain complex I (sensu Bacteria)
The space enclosed by the double membrane of a chloroplast but excluding the thylakoid space. It contains DNA, ribosomes and some temporary products of photosynthesis.
chloroplast stroma
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A complex of DNA and protein that seals the end of a chromosome. The telomeric DNA consists of simple tandemly repeated sequences specific for each species. Typically one strand is G-rich and the other C-rich. The G-rich strand forms a 3'-terminal overhang, the length of which varies with species. The single strand overhang is bound by a variety of proteins, including telomere capping proteins that bind to the single-stranded DNA.
PMID:11352055
This term was made obsolete because the definition was too sequence oriented and too restrictive. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'chromosome, telomeric region ; GO:0000781' and its children and the cellular component term 'telomere cap complex ; GO:0000782' and its children.
telomere
cellular_component
ubiquinol-cytochrome-c reductase complex
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that contains cytochrome b/b6 and cytochrome c1.
cellular_component
The dense fibrillar network lying on the inner side of the nuclear membrane.
nuclear matrix
cellular_component
cytoplasmic microtubule
non-spindle-associated astral microtubule
Any microtubule in the cytoplasm of a cell.
mitochondrial matrix
cellular_component
GOC:as
The gel-like material, with considerable fine structure, that lies in the matrix space, or lumen, of a mitochondrion. It contains the enzymes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle and, in some organisms, the enzymes concerned with fatty-acid oxidation.
mitochondrial stroma
glial fibrillary acidic protein
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'type III intermediate filament ; GO:0045098'.
OBSOLETE. Glial fibrillary acidic protein forms filaments in the glial cells that surround neurons and in astrocytes.
cellular_component
GFAP
prospore septin filament array
cellular_component
Arrays of septin filaments, or bars, found in a series of filamentous structures; observed in the prospore membrane during spore formation.
plasma membrane copper transporter
plasmalemma
cellular_component
plasma membrane
bacterial inner membrane
plasma membrane cation-transporting ATPase
plasma membrane long-chain fatty acid transporter
cytoplasmic membrane
juxtamembrane
The membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
cell membrane
glial fibrillary acidic protein
type III intermediate filament associated protein
peripherin
type III intermediate filament
vimentin
A type of intermediate filament, typically made up of one or more of the proteins vimentin, desmin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and peripherin. Unlike the keratins, the type III proteins can form both homo- and heteropolymeric IF filaments.
desmin
cellular_component
A plastid arrested in the development of chloroplasts from proplastids due to absence of light or low light conditions.
cellular_component
etioplast
Any constituent part of a cell septum, a structure composed of peptidoglycan and often chitin in addition to other materials. It usually forms perpendicular to the long axis of a cell or hypha and grows centripetally from the cell wall to the center of the cell and often functions in the compartmentalization of a cell into two daughter cells.
cellular_component
cell septum part
small subunit processome
A large ribonuclear protein complex containing the U3 snoRNA and associated proteins (28 in S. cerevisiae) that is involved in processing of the pre-18S rRNA to form the small ribosomal subunit.
PMID:12068309
SSU processome
cellular_component
An actin-based, cross-linked cellular protrusion on the apical surface of auditory and vestibular hair cells. Stereocilium bundles act as mechanosensory organelles by responding to fluid motion or fluid pressure changes.
stereocilium bundle
stereocilia bundle
cellular_component
Endoplasmic reticulum found in plasmodesmata, junctions connecting the cytoplasm of adjacent plant cells.
plasmodesmatal ER
plasmodesmatal endoplasmic reticulum
cellular_component
intrinsic to chloroplast inner membrane
Located in the chloroplast inner membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
cellular_component
extracellular space
That part of a multicellular organism outside the cells proper, usually taken to be outside the plasma membranes, and occupied by fluid.
intercellular space
cellular_component
A cohesin complex that mediates sister chromatid cohesion during mitosis; has a subunit composition distinct from that of the meiotic cohesin complex.
mitotic cohesin complex
CHRAC
cellular_component
PMID:9252192
A multisubunit complex that uses ATP to increase the general accessibility of DNA in chromatin. Unlike other known chromatin remodeling complexes, CHRAC can also function during chromatin assembly; it uses ATP to convert irregular chromatin into a regular array of nucleosomes with even spacing.
chromatin accessibility complex
GO:0016588
ISW2 complex
cellular_component
Z disc
Z line
Platelike region of a muscle sarcomere to which the plus ends of actin filaments are attached.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the removal of serine- or threonine-bound phosphate groups from a wide range of phosphoproteins, including a number of enzymes that have been phosphorylated under the action of a kinase.
magnesium-dependent protein serine/threonine phosphatase complex
cellular_component
cytoplasmic mRNA processing body
A focus in the cytoplasm where mRNAs may become inactivated by decapping or some other mechanism. mRNA processing and binding proteins are localized to these foci.
PMID:12730603
cellular_component
P body
A network of glycoproteins; proteins with covalently attached sugar units, either bonded via the hydroxyl group of serine or threonine (O glycosylated) or through the amino terminal of asparagine (N glycosylated).
cellular_component
glycoprotein network
extensin
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex
A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
cellular_component
See also the cellular component term 'pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0045250'.
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of a carbamoyl to ornithine, forming citrulline.
EC:2.1.3.3
ornithine carbamoyltransferase complex
cellular_component
cellular_component
RSC complex
PMID:8980231
PMID:15870268
PMID:11937489
A protein complex similar to, but more abundant than, the Swi/Snf complex. The RSC complex is generally recruited to RNA polymerase III promoters and is specifically recruited to RNA polymerase II promoters by transcriptional activators and repressors; it is also involved in non-homologous end joining.
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome core complex (sensu Eukaryota)
The core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
external side of plasma membrane
juxtamembrane
The side of the plasma membrane that is opposite to the side that faces the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
outer surface of cytoplasmic membrane
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because more specific children exist. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Bacteria) ; GO:0009282' and 'cytosolic large ribosomal subunit (sensu Eukaryota) ; GO:0005842'.
cellular_component
cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
spot desmosome
macula adherens
Button-like point of intercellular contact through which the intermediate filaments of adjacent cells are connected indirectly.
cellular_component
desmosome
cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Cyclin-dependent protein kinases (CDKs) are heterodimeric enzymes that contain a kinase catalytic subunit associated with a regulatory cyclin partner.
PMID:11602261
CDK holoenzyme
cellular_component
The external membrane of Gram-negative bacteria or certain organelles such as mitochondria and chloroplasts; freely permeable to most ions and metabolites.
outer membrane
cellular_component
This term was made obsolete because it is ambiguous (there are several debranching enzymes) and because it probably represents the glycogen debranching enzyme which is a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'isoamylase complex ; GO:0043033'.
debranching enzyme
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
intrinsic to organelle membrane
Located in an organelle membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane.
cellular_component
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. A chromosome found in the cytoplasm during interphase.
This term was made obsolete because it is based on a temporal division of the cell cycle. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'cytoplasmic chromosome ; GO:0000229'.
cytoplasmic interphase chromosome
This term was made obsolete because it was defined inaccurately. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'periplasmic space (sensu Proteobacteria) ; GO:0030288' or 'periplasmic space (sensu Fungi) ; GO:0030287'.
periplasmic space
OBSOLETE. The region in a bacterial or yeast cell between the cell membrane and the cell wall.
cellular_component
A dimeric (a large and a small chain) or tetrameric (two large and two small chains) enzyme complex. Catalyzes the formation of acetolactate from pyruvate.
UniProt:P37252
BRENDA:2.2.1.6
See also the molecular function term 'acetolactate synthase activity ; GO:0003984'.
cellular_component
acetolactate synthase complex
acetohydroxyacid synthase complex
vesicle coat
cellular_component
A membrane coat found on a coated vesicle.
vesicular fraction
Any of the small, heterogeneous, artifactual, vesicular particles that are formed when some cells are homogenized.
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
cellular_component
A proteinaceous scaffold associated with S. pombe chromosomes during meiotic prophase. Linear elements have a structure related to but not equivalent to the synaptonemal complex.
Sanger:jb
Jurg Bahler
cellular_component
linear element
minor mitochondrial derivative
cellular_component
PMID:11564867
http://www.ejbiotechnology.info/content/vol1/issue1/full/4/
A protein complex that posttranscriptionally catalyzes insertion, deletion or substitution of nucleotides at multiple sites within nascent mRNA transcripts to produce mature mRNAs in eukaryotes.
cellular_component
editosome
mRNA editing complex
A hexameric complex consisting of two molecules each of interleukin-6, interleukin-6 receptor alpha chain, and gp-130.
PMID:8083235
interleukin-6 receptor complex
cellular_component
lysosomal membrane hydrogen-transporting ATPase
cellular_component
lysosomal hydrogen-translocating V-type ATPase complex
cellular_component
type I protein secretion system complex
A complex of three secretory proteins that carry out secretion in the type I secretion system: an inner membrane transport ATPase (termed ABC protein for ATP-binding cassette), which provides the energy for protein secretion; an outer membrane protein, which is exported via the sec pathway; and a membrane fusion protein, which is anchored in the inner membrane and spans the periplasmic space.
An endosomal sorting complex required for transport. It consists of the class E vacuolar protein sorting (Vps) proteins and interacts with ubiquitinated cargoes.
ESCRT I complex
Endosomal Sorting Complex Required for Transport
cellular_component
One of the rings of the flagellar basal body; anchors the basal body to the peptidoglycan layer. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
flagellar basal body, distal rod, P ring (sensu Bacteria)
cellular_component
cellular_component
cyclin-dependent protein kinase 5 activator complex
UniProtKB:Q62938
Activates cyclin-dependent kinase 5; composed of regulatory and catalytic subunits.
cellular_component
A ribonuclease P complex located in the mitochondrion of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. The subunit composition of mitochondrial ribonuclease P complexes varies between species, but the complex often contains a single RNA molecule and a single protein molecule.
mitochondrial ribonuclease P complex
mitochondrial RNase P complex
The sex chromosome present in males of species in which the male is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the X chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The Y chromosome is absent from the cells of females and present in one copy in the somatic cells of males.
Y chromosome
cellular_component
axonemal dynein intermediate chain
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'axonemal dynein complex ; GO:0005858'.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
nucleolar ribonuclease P complex
cellular_component
nucleolar RNase P complex
A ribonuclease P complex located in the nucleolus of a eukaryotic cell, where it catalyzes the 5' endonucleolytic cleavage of precursor tRNAs to yield mature tRNAs. Eukaryotic nucleolar ribonuclease P complexes generally contain a single RNA molecule that is necessary but not sufficient for catalysis, and several protein molecules.
oxygen evolving complex
cellular_component
nucleolar preribosome, small subunit precursor
Note that this complex is 43S in Saccharomyces.
43S preribosome
A preribosomal complex consisting of 20S pre-rRNA, ribosomal proteins including late-associating small subunit proteins, and associated proteins; a precursor of the eukaryotic cytoplasmic small ribosomal subunit.
cellular_component
MAT complex
cellular_component
PMID:10644686
EC:2.5.1.6
A multimeric enzyme complex composed of variable numbers of catalytic alpha subunits, and noncatalytic beta subunits. The beta subunits are believed to have a regulatory function. The enzyme complex catalyzes the synthesis of S-adenosylmethionine (AdoMet), which is the major methyl group donor, participating in the methylation of proteins, DNA, RNA, phospholipids, and other small molecules.
methionine adenosyltransferase complex
outer plaque of spindle pole body
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the outer plaque is in the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
dityrosine layer of spore wall
The outermost layer of the spore wall, as described in Saccharomyces.
cellular_component
cellular_component
ribosomal RNA
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only protein and RNA. Both the ribosome and its subunits are characterized by their sedimentation coefficients, expressed in Svedberg units (symbol: S). Hence, the prokaryotic ribosome (70S) comprises a large (50S) subunit and a small (30S) subunit, while the eukaryotic ribosome (80S) comprises a large (60S) subunit and a small (40S) subunit. Two sites on the ribosomal large subunit are involved in translation, namely the aminoacyl site (A site) and peptidyl site (P site). Ribosomes from prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplasts have characteristically distinct ribosomal proteins.
ribosome
PMID:9139729
PMID:8949900
A structural framework, or 'dense core' at the interior of an acrosome. May regulate the distribution of hydrolases within the acrosome and their release during the acrosome reaction.
acrosomal matrix
cellular_component
Point of contact between the basal surface of epithelial cells and the basal lamina. Morphologically resembles desmosomes; attached to intermediate filaments.
hemidesmosome
cellular_component
cellular_component
The central portion of the flagellar basal body, which spans the periplasm and threads through the rings. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
flagellar basal body, rod (sensu Bacteria)
Ku70:Ku80 heterodimer
cellular_component
Ku70:Ku80 complex
Heterodimeric protein complex composed of a 70 kDa and a 80 kDa subunit, binds DNA through a channel formed by the heterodimer. Functions in DNA double stranded break repair, chromosome maintenance, transcription regulation, V(D)J recombination, and activation of DNA-PK.
UniProtKB:P12956
PMID:12518983
An enzyme complex that catalyzes exonucleolytic cleavage in either 5' to 3' or 3' to 5' direction to yield nucleoside 5'-phosphates; it prefers single-stranded DNA.
EC:3.1.11.6
cellular_component
exodeoxyribonuclease VII complex
cellular_component
laminin-9 complex
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha4, beta2 and gamma1.
An enzyme complex that in yeast is composed of three or four polypeptides: TPS1, TPS2, TPS3 and TSL1. Catalyzes the formation of alpha,alpha-trehalose 6-phosphate and UDP from UDP-glucose and D-glucose 6-phosphate.
SP:P38426
cellular_component
alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase complex (UDP-forming)
UDP-glucose-glucosephosphate glucosyltransferase complex
trehalose-6-phosphate synthase complex
See also the molecular function term 'alpha,alpha-trehalose-phosphate synthase (UDP-forming) activity ; GO:0003825'.
metaphase chromosome
A highly compacted molecule of DNA and associated proteins resulting in a cytologically distinct structure that remains in the nucleus.
nuclear mitotic chromosome
condensed nuclear chromosome
chromatid
Note that this term and its children can be used to annotate gene products that localize to a mitotic chromosome in an organism that undergoes a 'closed mitosis' in which the nuclear envelope does not break down during mitosis and for gene products that localize to a meiotic chromosome.
cellular_component
meiotic chromosome
mitotic chromosome
Note that this term was deleted from GO rather than being made obsolete and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
mitochondrial tRNA
plastid intermembrane space
plastid envelope lumen
cellular_component
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of the plastid envelope.
An invagination of the cell membrane of many eukaryotic cells, concerned in receptor-mediated selective transport of many proteins and other macromolecules across the cell membrane. During endocytosis it is converted into a coated vesicle. The coat is of clathrin.
coated pit
cellular_component
cellular_component
immunoglobulin complex, circulating
A multi-subunit complex that functions as an antibody and circulates in the blood, lymph, mucosal areas, and other fluids of the body. In its basic form, circulating immunoglobulin is composed of two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, held together by disulfide bonds. Some forms are polymers of the basic structure and contain additional components such as J-chain and the secretory component.
Fanconi anaemia nuclear complex
cellular_component
PMID:12093742
A protein complex composed of the Fanconi anaemia (FA) proteins A, C, E, G and F (FANCA-F). Functions in the activation of the downstream protein FANCD2 by monoubiquitylation, and is essential for protection against chromosome breakage.
Fanconi anaemia complex
FA nuclear complex
FA complex
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
cellular_component
PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex, LHCIId subcomplex
This term was made obsolete because the 'complex' it refers to contains only one gene product. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'PSII associated light-harvesting complex II, core complex ; GO:0009655'.
cellular_component
ring canal inner rim
PMID:9093858
PMID:10556087
A proteinaceous actin-rich layer of the insect ovarian ring canal that forms subcortically to the outer rim. The electron dense inner rim accumulates after the final mitotic division of each germline syncytia, and contains actin, a phosphotyrosine protein, and a number of cytoskeletal proteins.
See also the fly_anatomy.ontology term 'inner nurse cell ring canal rim ; FBbt:00004881'.
bud scar
cellular_component
PMID:2005820
PMID:14600225
Crater-like ring of chitinous scar tissue located on the surface of the mother cell. It is formed after the newly emerged daughter cell separates thereby marking the site of cytokinesis and septation. The number of bud scars that accumulate on the surface of a cell is a useful determinant of replicative age.
cytoplasmic dynein light chain
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'cytoplasmic dynein complex ; GO:0005868'.
peripheral to membrane of membrane fraction
cellular_component
Note that this term refers to disrupted cells, and does not necessarily correspond to any specific structure(s) in an intact cell.
Peripheral to that fraction of cells, prepared by disruptive biochemical methods, that includes the plasma and other membranes; can be extracted from membrane fraction with high concentrations of salt or high pH.
cortical actin cytoskeleton
cellular_component
The portion of the actin cytoskeleton, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins, that lies just beneath the plasma membrane.
cellular_component
A cellular structure consisting of parallel, hexagonally arranged actin tubules, comprising filamentous actin and associated proteins. Found in the germinating spores of Dictyostelium discoideum.
actin rod
cellular_component
flagellar basal body (sensu Bacteria)
One of the three major substructures of the flagellum; a structure consisting of a rod, a series of rings, the Mot proteins, the switch complex and the flagellum-specific export apparatus. The rings anchor the flagellum to the cytoplasmic membrane (MS ring), the peptidoglycan (P ring) and the outer membrane (L ring). As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
nucleocytoplasmic shuttling complex
cellular_component
Any complex that acts to move proteins or RNAs into or out of the nucleus through nuclear pores.
The smaller of the two subunits of a plastid ribosome.
cellular_component
plastid small ribosomal subunit
interleukin-12 receptor complex
Complex that binds interleukin-12; comprises an alpha and a beta subunit.
PMID:10971505
cellular_component
The ordered and organized complex of DNA and protein that forms the chromosome in the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
cytoplasmic chromatin
cellular_component
PMID:9393637
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3). This complex is found in plant plastids and is distinct from the one found in mitochondria. As in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Viridiplantae)
cellular_component
Any collagen polymer associated with collagen fibrils and in which the collagen monomers contain two or more relatively short triple-helical domains connected by non-triple-helical sequences; the acronym FACIT stands for fibril-associated collagen with interrupted triple helix.
FACIT collagen
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
GO:0008007
fibrinogen gamma chain
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component term 'fibrinogen complex ; GO:0005577'.
cellular_component
proteasome core complex, beta-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
PMID:10854779
Refers to the subunits that constitute the inner rings of the proteasome core complex, as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
OBSOLETE. The portion of the SCF ubiquitin ligase complex that contains sites required for recognition (and recruitment) of the substrate to the complex.
PMID:9857172
PMID:11790542
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, use the cellular component term 'SCF ubiquitin ligase complex ; GO:0019005'.
SCF complex substrate recognition subunit
cellular_component
Type IV site-specific deoxyribonuclease complex
Type IV restriction enzyme complex
A complex consisting of two proteins which acts as an endonuclease in DNA sequences containing a specific modified recognition site. Modifications may include methylation, hydroxymethylation, and glucosyl-hydroxymethylation.
A region in a eukaryotic cell, such as a centrosome or basal body, from which microtubules grow.
microtubule organizing center
MTOC
microtubule organising centre
cellular_component
A complex of two proteins, which in animals is 50kDa and consists of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) and one of the insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1), -2 (IGFBP-2), -4 (IGFBP-4) and -6 (IGFBP-6). The complex plays a role in growth and development.
insulin-like growth factor binary complex
IGF binary complex
cellular_component
The region of a condensed nuclear chromosome kinetochore closest to centromeric DNA; this layer may help define underlying centromeric chromatin structure and position of the kinetochore on the chromosome.
cellular_component
inner kinetochore of condensed nuclear chromosome
chloroplast outer envelope
The outer, i.e. cytoplasm-facing, lipid bilayer of the chloroplast envelope.
chloroplast outer membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
See also the Fungal Anatomy Ontology term 'hypha ; FAO:0001001'.
hyphal cell wall
The cell wall surrounding a fungal hypha.
integral to plasma membrane
cellular_component
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a plasma membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
transmembrane ephrin
proteoglycan integral to plasma membrane
retractile pole
distal pole complex
cellular_component
uropod
A rigid membrane projection with related cytoskeletal components at the trailing edge of a lymphocyte or other cell in the process of migrating or being activated, found on the opposite side of the cell from the lamellipodium or immunological synapse, respectively.
PMID:12787750
PMID:12714569
ISBN:0781735149
Fundamental Immunology
cellular_component
A complex consisting of methionyl- and glutamyl-tRNA synthetases. The tRNA synthetases present in the complex bind to their cognate tRNAs more efficiently than they do as monomers.
PMID:11069915
methionyl glutamyl tRNA synthetase complex
cellular_component
mitochondrial envelope
The double lipid bilayer enclosing the mitochondrion and separating its contents from the cell cytoplasm; includes the intermembrane space.
A heterodimeric enzyme, composed of an alpha and a beta subunit. Participates in the post-translational C-terminal modification of several small GTPases, allowing their targeting to the membrane.
UniProtKB:P53609
PMID:9781874
cellular_component
CAAX-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
cellular_component
nuclear proteasome regulatory particle, lid subcomplex
The subunits that form the peripheral lid of the regulatory particle of a proteasome located in the nucleus of a cell.
endospore cortex
A layer surrounding a bacterial endospore found inside the outer endospore membrane, but outside the membrane surrounding the endospore core. It consists of peptidoglycan of a different chemical nature than that found in vegetative cell walls which results in less cross-linking of peptidoglycan.
cellular_component
telomerase RNA
This term was made obsolete because it represents a gene product. To update annotations, use the molecular function term 'template for synthesis of G-rich strand of telomere DNA activity ; GO:0000332'.
cellular_component
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Heterodimeric hormone composed of an inhibin alpha subunit complexed with an inhibin beta-B subunit.
inhibin B complex
cellular_component
Note that the actions of the inhibin complex are the opposite of those of the activin complex, which is a dimer of an inhibin beta-A and/or inhibin beta-B subunit. See also the cellular component term 'activin complex ; GO:0048180'.
nucleosome remodeling factor complex
NURF complex
cellular_component
PMID:11279013
PMID:10779516
A four subunit ISWI-containing protein complex that facilitates nucleosome mobility and transcriptional activation in an ATP-dependent manner. In contrast to other chromatin remodeling complexes, the ATPase activity of NURF requires nucleosomes rather than free DNA or histones.
cellular_component
extrinsic to nuclear outer membrane
Loosely bound to one surface of the nuclear outer membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
collagen type XV
PMID:11937714
PMID:11158616
A collagen homotrimer of alpha1(XV) chains; a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan often found in specialized basement membranes.
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing a class I myosin heavy chain and associated light chains; myosin I heavy chains are single-headed, possess tails of various lengths, and do not self-associate into bipolar filaments; myosin I complexes are involved in diverse processes related to membrane traffic and cell movement.
PMID:9438839
cellular_component
myosin I complex
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
Note that this term was deleted from GO and was restored to the ontology in Feb 2003 to ensure that the ID is not reused.
protein
cellular_component
glycine-tRNA ligase complex
cellular_component
glycine-tRNA synthetase complex
A multimeric enzyme complex which, in bacteria, is usually a tetramer of two alpha and two beta chains and in eukaryotes, is usually a homodimer. Functions in the ligation of glycine and tRNA(Gly) to form glycyl-tRNA(Gly).
UniProtKB:Q8YVJ2
UniProtKB:Q10039
EC:6.1.1.14
A large, extracellular glycoprotein complex composed of three different polypeptide chains, alpha3, beta2 and gamma1.
cellular_component
laminin-7 complex
A multienzyme complex found in all multicellular eukaryotes composed of eight proteins with aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase activities (abbreviated as: ArgRS, AspRS, GluProRS, GlnRS, IleRS, LeuRS, LysRS, MetRS where RS is the enzyme, preceded by the amino acid it uses as a substrate) as well as three non-synthetase proteins (p43, p38, and p18) with diverse functions. Several of these subunits are known dimers, so the total polypeptide count in the multisynthetase complex is at least fifteen. All of the enzymes in this assembly catalyze the same reaction, the covalent attachment of an amino acid to either the 2'- or 3'-hydroxyl of the 3'-terminal adenosine of tRNA, but using different substrates.
PMID:16169847
multisynthetase complex
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase complex
cellular_component
aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase multienzyme complex
cellular_component
Light harvesting complex associated with the reaction complex of photosynthetic purple bacteria.
light-harvesting complex, core complex
Organized structure of distinctive morphology and function, not bounded by a lipid bilayer membrane and occurring outside the cell.
cellular_component
extracellular non-membrane-bound organelle
cellular_component
cyclin-dependent protein kinase activating kinase holoenzyme complex
integral to ER membrane
ER integral membrane protein
cellular_component
integral to endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of an endoplasmic reticulum membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
central plaque of spindle pole body
cellular_component
One of three laminate structures that form the spindle pole body; the central plaque is embedded in the nuclear envelope.
cellular_component
actomyosin, actin part
The actin part of any complex of actin, myosin, and accessory proteins.
male pronucleus
The pronucleus originating from the spermatozoa that was involved in fertilization.
cellular_component
An ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex found in the amyloplast.
amyloplast ADPG pyrophosphorylase complex
cellular_component
GO:0000134
site of polarized growth (sensu Saccharomyces)
cellular_component
Any part of a cell where non-isotropic growth takes place.
GO:0030483
site of polarized growth
site of polarized growth (sensu Fungi)
cellular_component
cell cortex of cell end
The region directly beneath the plasma membrane at the cell tip. The cell tip is the region at either end of the longest axis of a cylindrical or elongated cell.
cell cortex of cell tip
cellular_component
spindle pole body
The microtubule organizing center in fungi; functionally homologous to the animal cell centrosome.
cellular_component
The contractile element of skeletal and cardiac muscle; a long, highly organized bundle of actin, myosin, and other proteins that contracts by a sliding filament mechanism.
striated muscle fibre
striated muscle fiber
myofibril
PMID:3899643
The acrosomal membrane region that underlies the acrosomal vesicle and is located toward the sperm nucleus. This region is responsible for molecular interactions allowing the sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida and fuses with the egg plasma membrane.
inner acrosomal membrane
cellular_component
cellular_component
photosystem I (sensu Viridiplantae)
Photosystem I; as in, but not restricted to, green plants and algae (Viridiplantae, ncbi_taxonomy_id:33090).
vanadium-iron nitrogenase complex
cellular_component
vanadium-iron nitrogenase activity
PMID:3474027
An enzyme complex containing a vanadium-iron cluster found in some species, such as Azotobacter vinelandii. It is composed of two proteins, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase; dinitrogenase, the vanadium-iron protein, is tetrameric with an alpha2-beta2 structure, and nitrogenase reductase is a homodimer.
cellular_component
hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, F0 sector (sensu Bacteria)
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(0) (sensu Bacteria)
All non-F1 subunits of the plasma membrane hydrogen-transporting ATP synthase, including integral and peripheral plasma membrane proteins. As in, but not restricted to, the Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
proton-transporting ATP synthase complex, coupling factor F(o) (sensu Bacteria)
The volume enclosed by a plastid thylakoid membrane.
plastid thylakoid lumen
cellular_component
mitochondrial processing peptidase complex
EC:3.4.24.64
This enzyme complex catalyzes the release of N-terminal targeting peptides from precursor proteins imported into the mitochondrion.
cellular_component
cellular_component
primary plasmodesma
cellular_component
Protease complex of the mitochondrial inner membrane that is involved in mitochondrial protein turnover and in processing of proteins imported into mitochondria.
PMID:12417197
m-AAA complex
Note that this term does not have 'extracellular region ; GO:0005576' as a parent because in plants the extracellular matrix is considered part of the cell.
The matrix external to the cell, composed of the cell wall and middle lamella. As in, but not restricted to, the flowering plants (Magnoliophyta, ncbi_taxonomy_id:3398).
extracellular matrix (sensu Magnoliophyta)
cellular_component
cellular_component
snRNP U6atac
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U6atac; a component of the minor spliceosome complex.
signal recognition particle
A complex of protein and RNA which facilitates translocation of proteins across membranes.
cellular_component
A structure found in the nucleolus, which contains nearly completed preribosomal particles destined for the cytoplasm.
granular component
cellular_component
EC:4.3.1.7
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the breakdown of ethanolamine to form acetaldehyde and ammonia.
cellular_component
ethanolamine ammonia-lyase complex
This term was made obsolete because it represents a single gene product and not a complex. To update annotations, consider the cellular component terms 'nucleus ; GO:0005634', 'cytoplasm ; GO:0005737', and 'nuclear pore ; GO:0005643' and its children.
OBSOLETE (was not defined before being made obsolete).
importin, alpha-subunit transport factor
cellular_component
CAS
dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase complex
GO:0009364
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
Complex that carries out the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to form acetyl-CoA; comprises subunits possessing three catalytic activities: pyruvate dehydrogenase (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase (E2), and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (E3).
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (lipoamide)
cellular_component
Note that this term represents a location and not a function; the activity possessed by this complex is mentioned in the definition for the purpose of describing and distinguishing the complex. The functions of this complex are represented by the molecular function terms 'pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) activity ; GO:0004739', 'dihydrolipoamide S-acetyltransferase activity ; GO:0004742', and 'dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
Any constituent part of a nuclear chromosome, a chromosome found in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell.
nuclear chromosome part
cellular_component
cellular_component
ER
The irregular network of unit membranes, visible only by electron microscopy, that occurs in the cytoplasm of many eukaryotic cells. The membranes form a complex meshwork of tubular channels, which are often expanded into slitlike cavities called cisternae. The ER takes two forms, rough (or granular), with ribosomes adhering to the outer surface, and smooth (with no ribosomes attached).
endoplasmic reticulum
collagen type XI
cellular_component
A collagen heterotrimer containing type XI alpha chains in alpha1(XI)alpha2(XI)alpha3(XI) trimers; type XI collagen triple helices associate to form fibrils.
telomeric heterochromatin
cellular_component
Heterochromatic regions of the chromosome found at the telomeres.
ISBN:019854768
The protein complex that catalyzes the phosphorylation of ADP to ATP in chloroplasts.
cellular_component
chloroplast ATP synthase complex
protein phosphatase type 2A complex
A heterodimer with protein serine/threonine phosphatase activity that is polycation-stimulated (PCS), being directly stimulated by protamine, polylysine, or histone H1; it constitutes a subclass of several enzymes activated by different histones and polylysine, and consists of catalytic and regulatory subunits.
cellular_component
A ribonucleoprotein complex that catalyzes cleavage of the leader sequence of precursor tRNAs (pre-tRNAs), generating the mature 5' end of tRNAs.
cellular_component
ribonuclease P complex
RNase P complex
Note that chloroplasts possess a complex that is called 'RNase P' because it catalyzes pre-tRNA cleavage, but the chloroplast complex appears not to contain RNA.
A complex of a regulatory and catalytic subunit that catalyzes the dephosphorylation and concomitant reactivation of the alpha subunit of the E1 component of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
See also the cellular component term 'pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota) ; GO:0005967'.
cellular_component
pyruvate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) phosphatase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
A myosin complex containing a dimer of class VI myosin heavy chains and associated light chains. Myosin VI has a single IQ motif in the neck and a tail region with a coiled coil domain followed by a unique globular domain; a unique insertion that enables myosin VI to move towards the pointed or minus end of actin filaments.
myosin VI complex
cellular_component
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the formation of dimethyl sulfide from dimethyl sulfoxide.
UM-BBD_enzymeID:e0188
dimethyl sulphoxide reductase complex
dimethyl sulfoxide reductase complex
chromoplast intermembrane space
cellular_component
chromoplast envelope lumen
The region between the inner and outer lipid bilayers of a chromoplast envelope.
The outer, sculptured layer of the exine, which lies above the nexine.
Note that the sexine sometimes consists of 5 layers, but of those, 3 layers are the most common (sexine 1 = columellae; sexine 2 = tectum; sexine 3 = sculpture elements). Sexine is distinguished on purely morphological criteria; compare with 'ectexine ; GO:0043669'. See also 'nexine ; GO:0043672'.
sexine
cellular_component
cellular_component
A protein complex, found in the mitochondria, that in yeast consists of a large and a small subunit. Possesses glutamate synthase (NADH) activity.
mitochondrial glutamate synthase complex (NADH)
extrinsic to vacuolar membrane
Loosely bound to one or the other surface of the vacuolar membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
plasma membrane part
cellular_component
Any constituent part of the plasma membrane, the membrane surrounding a cell that separates the cell from its external environment. It consists of a phospholipid bilayer and associated proteins.
The portion of the plasma membrane surrounding the brush border.
cellular_component
brush border membrane
A complex of proteins that form a scaffold around which the viral capsid is constructed.
viral scaffold
cellular_component
cellular_component
Cyclin-dependent protein kinase (CDK) complex found in the nucleus.
CDK holoenzyme
nuclear cyclin-dependent protein kinase holoenzyme complex
Loosely bound to the intraperoxisomal surface of the peroxisomal membrane, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
extrinsic to intraperoxisomal membrane
intra-peroxisomal peripheral membrane
A membrane-bounded organelle of ciliated protozoan cells that contains a diploid copy of the cell's complete genome. Sections of contiguous sequence in the macronucleus are often interrupted by internal eliminated sequences (IES), and may be permuted, in micronuclei. Genic transcription is not found in micronuclei. Some ciliate species may contain multiple micronuclei per cell.
cellular_component
micronucleus
flagellar basal body, C ring (sensu Bacteria)
Cytoplasmic ring located at the base of the flagellar basal body; acts as a rotor; includes three switch proteins, which generate torque and can change their conformational state in a bimodal fashion, so that the motor direction can switch between clockwise and counterclockwise. As in, but not restricted to, the taxon Bacteria (Bacteria, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2).
cellular_component
The lipid bilayer surrounding a vesicle transporting substances from the Golgi to the ER.
Golgi to endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
cellular_component
Golgi-ER transport vesicle membrane
Golgi-endoplasmic reticulum transport vesicle membrane
Golgi to ER transport vesicle membrane
cellular_component
Any microtubule that is part of a mitotic or meiotic spindle; anchored at one spindle pole.
spindle microtubule
cellular_component
glyoxysome
A microbody that contains the enzymes of the glyoxylate pathway.
cellular_component
male germ cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
sperm cell nucleus (sensu Magnoliophyta)
generative cell nucleus
The nucleus of the generative cell, a cell contained within the pollen grain that will divide to produce two haploid sperm cells.
cellular_component
A segmented viral genome consisting of two sub-genomic nucleic acids but each nucleic acid is packaged into a different virion.
bipartite viral genome
A sac-like vesicle that bears the photosynthetic pigments in photosynthetic organisms. In prokaryotes the thylakoids are of various shapes and are attached to the plasma membrane. In eukaryotes they are flattened, membrane-bound disk-like structures located in the chloroplasts; in the chloroplasts of higher plants the thylakoids form dense stacks called grana. Isolated thylakoid preparations can carry out photosynthetic electron transport and the associated phosphorylation.
photosynthetic membrane
thylakoid
cellular_component
cell wall
cellular_component
The rigid or semi-rigid envelope lying outside the cell membrane of plant, fungal, and most prokaryotic cells, maintaining their shape and protecting them from osmotic lysis. In plants it is made of cellulose and, often, lignin; in fungi it is composed largely of polysaccharides; in bacteria it is composed of peptidoglycan.
The major and minor mitochondrial derivatives are the mitochondria of the sperm tail and derive by the unfolding of the Nebenkern during flagellum elongation.
mitochondrial derivative
cellular_component
cellular_component
Membrane-bounded organelle found in organisms from the order Kinetoplastida that houses the enzymes of glycolysis.
glycosome
ribosomal-protein-alanine N-acetyltransferase complex
An enzyme complex that catalyzes the transfer of an acetyl group to ribosomal-protein alanine, forming ribosomal-protein acetylalanine.
EC:2.3.1.128
cellular_component
cellular_component
PMID:11848850
An enzyme complex containing an iron-iron cluster found in species such as the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. It is composed of two main subunits, dinitrogenase and nitrogenase reductase. Dinitrogenase, the iron-iron containing subunit, has an alpha1-beta2 or alpha2-beta2 structure, and the nitrogenase reductase subunit is a homodimer. Functions in the catalysis of the formation of oxidized ferredoxin and ammonia from reduced ferredoxin and nitrogen.
iron-iron nitrogenase complex
iron-iron nitrogenase activity
Note that it is not established whether the nitrogenase exists in vivo in a specific particle or whether the nitrogenase proteins are bound nonspecifically to the membranes of some cells.
lamina densa
cellular_component
The electron-dense layer of the basal lamina; lies just below the lamina lucida.
The subunits forming the outer ring of the core complex of a proteasome located in the cytosol of a cell; as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
cytosolic proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
cellular_component
See also the molecular functions term 'oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (succinyl-transferring) activity ; GO:0004591', 'dihydrolipoyllysine-residue succinyltransferase activity ; GO:0004149' and 'dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase activity ; GO:0004148'.
oxoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (sensu Eukaryota)
A complex of multiple copies of three enzymatic components: oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (lipoamide) ; EC:1.2.4.2 (E1), dihydrolipoamide S-succinyltransferase ; EC:2.3.1.61 (E2) and dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase ; EC:1.8.1.4 (E3); catalyzes the overall conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to succinyl-CoA and carbon dioxide (CO2) within the mitochondrial matrix. As in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
core
GO:0019014
viral nucleocapsid
The complete protein-nucleic acid complex that is the packaged form of the genome in a virus particle.
ISBN:0781702534
nucleocapsid
cellular_component
juxtamembrane
The side of the plasma membrane that faces the cytoplasm.
cellular_component
internal side of plasma membrane
cellular_component
RabGGTase complex
RAB-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
Rab geranylgeranyltransferase complex
GGTase-II complex
Rab-protein geranylgeranyltransferase complex
UniProtKB:Q08602
PMID:11886217
A heterodimeric enzyme complex, which in mammals is composed of an alpha and a beta subunit, and which associates with an accessory protein Rep (Rab escort protein). Catalyzes of the transfer of a geranyl-geranyl moiety from geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate to a Rab protein.
W chromosome
cellular_component
The sex chromosome present in females of species in which the female is the heterogametic sex; generally, the sex chromosome that pairs with the Z chromosome in the heterogametic sex. The W chromosome is absent from the cells of males and present in one copy in the somatic cells of females.
A kinesin complex found in eukaryotic axonemes that contains two distinct plus end-directed kinesin motor proteins and at least one accessory subunit, and that functions in the anterograde transport of molecules (cargo) from the basal body to the distal tip of the axoneme.
axonemal heterotrimeric kinesin-II complex
cellular_component
Holliday junction resolvase complex
Mus81-Eme1 complex
An endonuclease complex that resolves Holliday junctions by a nick and counternick mechanism.
PMID:14527419
cellular_component
cellular_component
A protein complex involved in the catalysis of the formation of the modified nucleotide 1-methyladenosine (m1A) in tRNA. In yeast, it is a heterotetramer of two subunits, Gcd10p and Gcd14p, while in bacteria and archaea it is a homotetramer.
PMID:14739239
PMID:10779558
tRNA (m1A) methyltransferase complex
90S preribosome
A preribosomal complex consisting of the 35S pre-rRNA, the 5S rRNA, early-associating ribosomal proteins, and associated proteins.
cellular_component
cellular_component
high molecular weight kininogen receptor complex
A protein complex that acts as a receptor for high molecular weight kininogens. In humans, this receptor includes the CK1 and uPAR proteins.
PMID:11290596
cellular_component
Located in the plasma membrane such that some covalently attached portion of the gene product spans or is embedded in one or both leaflets of the membrane, with the bulk of the gene product located on the side that faces the cytoplasm.
intrinsic to internal side of plasma membrane
snRNP U5
Ribonucleoprotein complex containing small nuclear RNA U5; a component of both the major and minor spliceosome complexes.
cellular_component
mitochondrial inner membrane protein insertion complex
Tim22 complex
cellular_component
PMID:12191765
A multi-subunit complex embedded in the mitochondrial inner membrane that mediates insertion of carrier proteins into the inner membrane.
The constriction between the mother cell and daughter cell (bud) in an organism that reproduces by budding.
cellular_component
bud neck
A cell within a host organism. Includes the host plasma membrane and any external encapsulating structures such as the host cell wall and cell envelope.
cellular_component
host cell
cellular_component
extrachromosomal ribosomal DNA circle
PMID:12044934
Circular DNA molecules encoding ribosomal RNA that are replicated independently of chromosomal replication. These molecules originate in the chromosome but are excised and circularized, often by intramolecular homologous recombination between direct tandem repeats.
extrachromosomal rDNA circle
cellular_component
proteasome core complex, alpha-subunit complex (sensu Eukaryota)
Refers to the subunits that constitute the outer rings of the proteasome core complex, as in, but not restricted to, the eukaryotes (Eukaryota, ncbi_taxonomy_id:2759).
cellular_component
The nucleus of a germ cell, a cell specialized to produce haploid gametes, and its descendents.
germ cell nucleus
germ-cell nucleus
Penetrating at least one phospholipid bilayer of a synaptic vesicle membrane. May also refer to the state of being buried in the bilayer with no exposure outside the bilayer.
cellular_component
integral to synaptic vesicle membrane
extrinsic to external side of plasma membrane
Loosely bound to the surface of the plasma membrane that faces away from the cytoplasm, but not integrated into the hydrophobic region.
cellular_component
nucleosome
cellular_component
A complex comprised of DNA wound around a multisubunit core and associated proteins, which forms the primary packing unit of DNA into higher order structures.
part of